112 



PHILADELPHIA 



PHI LI DOR 



Philadelphia, in Asia Minor. See ALA- 

 MI mi: 



Philadrlnhians, a mystic sect emphasising 

 'brotherly love' Mir. ///Y/i/n ), fonmb-d in 

 London in 1'i.YJ under the inlliience of lint-lime by 

 Ir John Cordage (1608-98) and Mrs Leade and 

 others. It hail for a time a branch in Holland, but 

 disappear**! early in the 18th century. 



I* III la* (<;r. /'A//../, Kgyptinn I'-iltk), an 

 i-laiiil in the Nile, near Awouan and south of 

 s.\ene. in Nubia. It is a small granite rock. 

 Hinged with rich verdure, about 1200 feet long and 

 4.'>ii hmod, almost covered with ancient buildings 

 of great architectural lieauty ami interest, though 

 not of very ancient date. That to the east, a 

 hviwthral or roofless ball, commonly called 

 Pharaoh's lit.il,' In-long* to the Greek and Roman 

 period, and consists of fourteen great columns with 

 capital- of various iMitterns, connected at the lower 

 part by solid walls; the length U 63 feet, the 

 width 4S. The great temple of Isis, to whom the 

 island was sacred, was mainly built by Ptolemy 

 Kpiphane-. ami continued by his successors, especi- 

 ally by Ptolemy III., Kueigetcs. The processions 

 of pilgrims approached the island from the south, 

 were received liy the priesto at a flight of steps at 



I>Uiiil of I'hiUe, seen from the south-west comer. 



the -in th west i-oi nci, and then pawed into a 

 court with it colonnade to right and left, erected hv 

 Tiberius ami later Konian i<m|H-rors. To the nortli 

 Rtood the great Jiropylou or gateway, 60 feet high 

 anil OUT liSO wide. This is the oldest part of 

 the temple, and Ix-nnt the name of Ncctanchen II. 

 litbfiiit :il n.c. ). llcyond was another court with 

 .il ehitmlM-rs and a small chapel. Another 

 -ui.iJhM pylon gave entranee to the temple pro|M-r, 

 nt the northern extremity of the irregular complex 

 of building*. The temple |>ro|>er was converted 

 into a flu Minn church in .177. The plan for a 

 great irrigation dam here, adopted in Isiis. .lues 

 not submerge or injure the ruin*. 



riiiliin-l (1 7*2 lH7i. Wmne in 1817 Rishop 

 of l!e:il. in l<l!i ArabbMHM of Tvi-r, ami in IH'JI 

 An-hbi-hon of MIWHU. lie was the greatest 

 preocber and I be nnt intlnential Hii>-ian church- 

 man of his time 



Phllalrly. Soe STAMPS. 



Philemon, r.i I-M.I TU. i* tin- ~h.irt-.i of tin- 

 four extent letters that hear to have lioen written 

 bv the apostle Paul during his captivity (sec 

 PAi'L). It U a brief private letter (of twenty- 



the verses) addressed to Philemon, a man of 

 wealth and liberality, who had lieen a convert of 

 the a|ntle. anil is now addressed by him as his 

 ' fellow- worker. ' It was at Philemon's house, and 

 |>erhaps under hi- presidency, that the Christians 

 of Colossie held their meetings. In the Anoatulirnl 

 Cotixtitiiti'in.1 he is represented a- bi-hop of Colossa-, 

 and subsequent tradition has it that he siitl- 

 martyrdom there under Nero. Philemon had i 

 Mated a slave called One-inm-, who. after robbing 

 hi- master, had run otl'and found his way to Home 

 (or Ca-sarca), and there hail come under the influ- 

 ence of Paul, and ln-en converted to ( 'hristianitv . 

 At first the a]>ostle seems to have l-en minded to 

 retain OneKimus for his own service, but on further 

 consideration he resolved to send him back tu 

 his former master, and accordingly made him the 

 liearer of the epistle l>efore us, in which ' Paul the 

 aged ' asks pardon for the runaway, and entreat* 

 the injured master to receive him 'not now as a 

 servant, but above a servant, a brother Moved.' 

 The epistle exhibits fine delicacy and tact through- 

 out, and has been characterised by Kenan as 

 'a little masterpiece in the art of letter-writing.' 

 Ite genuineness may lie said to be well established. 

 Some writers, indeed, in the fourth century held 

 that it was too trifling and um-difying to 

 have been written by Paul ; but 

 the arbitrariness of this criterion 

 was pointed out by Jerome, 

 Chrysostom, and others. lianr 

 also" regarded it as a literary inven- 

 tion intended to illustrate the 

 ideal relation of master and slave; 

 but this view is not strongly urged 

 by any of his modern followers, 

 while some of them ( Hilgenfeld and 

 Holt/mann'i have entirely aban- 

 doned it. There ore commentaries 

 on the Kpistle to Philemon by 

 Meyer, Hleek, Ellicott(/Vi////>/'"<M.<. 

 Coloxxiiiim. mill I'llilnnoii, ltd ed. 

 1865), and Lightfoot. i c,,/,,W.v 

 anil I'liili-iiK.n. 7th ed. 1884). 



Philemon and ISanris, 



according to a classic myth, (inch 

 poetised by Ovid in his Mrlnn>r- 

 /i/i'i.'ies, were a married pair, remark- 

 able for their mutual love. Jupiter 

 and Mercury, wandering through 

 Phrygia in' human form, were 

 refused hospitality by eveiy one, 

 till this aged pair took them in, 

 washed their feet, and gave them such humble fare 

 as they could provide. On going away, tin 

 took them with them to a neighbouring mountain. 

 on looking from which t bey-saw their village covered 

 with a llood, but their own cottage changed into 

 it splendid temple. Jupiter permitted them to 

 make any request they chose, but thej.only a.-ked 

 to lie .-en. mi- of his temple, and that they might 

 die at the same time. When, accordingly, they 

 were sealed ut the door of the temple, being now 

 of great age, they were changed, Philemon into an 

 oak, and llaucis into a linden. 



Philharmonic So<-i-ly. established in Lon- 

 don in LSI:', welcomed Mendelssohn to England 

 in 1829 and agnin in 1844. The New Philharmonic 

 was founded in 1832. The Philharmonic Society 

 of New York dates from IS4-J. 



Philldor, the assumed name of it I-'rctich 



fainilv, originally called Danigan. which has pro 



iluei-d several distinguished musicians, ami a com- 



pooer, Francois Andre (horn at Dreux in 1726, died 



! in London, 1793), who was even more famous as 



i an authority on Chess (q.v.). See Allen's Lift of 



\ PhiMur ( Phila. 1864). 



