PHILIPS 



PHILISTINES 



119 



instigation to take Philips off. Some of his odes, 

 addressed to children, and written with infantine 

 simplicity of diction, earned him from Henry 

 Carey the lasting nickname of ' Xambv-Pamhy.' 



See Johnson's Lives, and Pope's Correspondence in 

 Elwin and Courthope's edition. 



Philips, or PHILLIPS, EDWARD, the elder of 

 the two nephews brought up and educated by 

 Milton, the sons of hi- sister Anne, whose husband 

 E. Phillips held a government office in Chancery, 

 and died in 1631, leaving two sons to Milton's care. 

 Edward Philips was born in 1630, and became a 

 student of Magdalen College, Oxford, but left in 

 1651 without taking a degree. In 1663 he was 

 tutor to the son of John Lvelyn at Say Court in 

 Essex. He is mentioned in Evelyn's Diary as ' not 

 at all infected by Milton's principles,' yet certainly 

 lie entertained a great respect and admiration for 

 hi* uncle, and not only extolled Milton in his 

 Thentrum Poetarum as ' the exactest of heroic 

 ]>et8,' 'who hath revived the majesty and true 

 decorum of Heroic Poesy and Tragedy,' but has 

 left us a valuable though short and fragmentary 

 Life of the poet. This was originally prefixed 

 ( 1694) to a translation of Milton's Letters of State, 

 but is now most accessible in God win's Lives of E. 

 "n,l J. Philips ( 1815, pp. 350-383), and is, as John- 

 son says, ' trie only authentic account of Milton's 

 domestic manners.' Of his numerous works may 

 ! mentioned a complete edition (the first) of the 

 I'ufiiM of Dritmmand of Hawthornden ( 1656) ; New 

 World of English Words ( 1658), a kind of diction- 

 ary, which went through several editions ; the 

 Continuation of Baker's Chronicle of the Kings of 

 England (1665); Theatrum Poetarum, or a Com- 

 plete Collection of the Poet ( 1675) ; the Tractatultu 

 afe Carmine Dramatico Poetarum in the 18th edition 

 of Buchler's Thesaurus ( 1679) i; and Tractatulvs 

 de Lingua Latino (1682). Milton, says Aubrey, 

 made his nephews songsters, and sing from the 

 time they were with him, and verses by lioth are 

 found in Ai/res awl Dialogues for One, Two, and 

 Three Voices, bv Henry Lawes (1653). Edward 

 i< Mipposeil to have died shortly after the publica- 

 tion I 1694) of the Letters of State. 



Philips. .loiiN, Milton's younger nephew and 

 more peculiar charge, born in 1631, was, like his 

 brother Edward, educated by hia uncle, and fre- 

 quently acted as hi* amanuensis. It may be sup- 

 that Milton hud formed a high opinion of 



his literary capability, since he entrusted to John 

 rather than Edward the writing of the Responsio 

 nd Ai>iil<]iin /iro liege et Populo Anglicanu ( 1652), 

 himself correcting it with the utmost care. But if 

 .John was Edward's superior in ability, he was 

 greatly his inferior in character, and persistently 

 displayed an unnatural animosity to his uncle and 

 lMicfa<-tor. Hi* next work was A Satyr against 

 H il/xx-ritus ( 16.~>5), a bitter anti-Puritan poem and 

 attack on Cromwell, written with considerable 

 talent, but in a strain of coarse buffoonery. Some- 

 what in the style of Chaucer, he describes a 

 Sunday in Cromwell's time, a christening, and a 

 Wednesday fast with the extravagant supper at 

 ni^'lit. This production was frequently reprinted, 

 and Tnii-t have caused Milton no small disapi>oint- 

 irient ami annoyance. In 1660 John amused him 

 self and the world with his Montelion or the Pro- 

 ji/irtical Almanac, a low, scurrilous work, which was, 

 however, extremely successful ; he was also a most 

 industrious translator, ami in little more than a 

 year ( 1677) published three large folio translations, 

 Almahide, from the French of Madame de Sciidery, 

 on which was founded Dryden's tragedy, The Con- 

 f/iimf nf tlranada ; Calprenede 1 - Pkaramond ; and 

 Tavernier's Voyage*. Philips (or Phillips) wrote 

 in. my scurrilous pamphlets, and died in 1706. 



Philips, JOHN, described on the monument in 

 Westminster Abbey erected by Sir Simon Harcourt 

 to his memory as a second Milton. He was the 

 author of three very popular poems, The Splendid 

 Shilling, a burlesque of Milton's manner ; Cider, 

 an imitation of Virgil ; and Blenheim, a Tory cele- 

 bration of Marlborough's great victory. He was 

 born in 1676, but, curiously enough, was registered 

 at Winchester as five years, and at Christ Church, 

 Oxford, as six years younger than he really was. 

 He died in 170*8, and' was buried in the cathedral 

 at Hereford. 



Philips, KATHERINK, ' the matchless Orinda, ' 

 was born the daughter of a respectable Presbyterian 

 London merchant, on New-year's Day 1631. A 

 precocious child, she early became strongly royalist 

 in feeling, and in her seventeenth year she married 

 a worthy Welsh gentleman, James Philips of Cardi- 

 gan Priory. Her earliest poem was an address to 

 Henry Vaughan the Silurist, on the appearance of 

 his Olor Iscaniu ( 1651 ). Alxiut the same time she 

 seems to have assumed her melodious num-de-plume 

 of Orinda, having formed among lier neighbours of 

 either sex a Society of Friendship, the members of 

 which must needs be re-baptised the ladies as 

 Lucasia, Rosania, Regina, Valeria, Polycrite ; the 

 gentlemen as Pala-mon, Silvander, Antenor (her 

 own husband ), and Poliarchus ( Sir Charles Cotterel, 

 her greatest friend, her forty-eight Letters to whom 

 were published in 1705). Orinda is our earliest 

 sentimental writer, and she has tears at will even 

 for the marriages of the lady-members, which she 

 resents as outrages on the sufficiency of friendship. 

 Yet she was a worthy woman and good wife, 

 despite her overstrained sentimentality, and de- 

 served the honour of a dedication from Jeremy 

 Taylor (Discourse on the Nature, Offices, and 

 Measures of Friendship, 1659). She went to 

 Dublin in 1662, and here Ro^er, Earl of Orrery, and 

 the rest gave her a Haltering reception. On a 

 visit to London she caught smallpox, and died at 

 thirty-three, June 22, 1664. At Dublin she trans- 

 lated Corneille's Pomjiee, and in her last year the 

 greater part of his Horace. Her poems were sur- 

 reptitiously printed at London in 1663, but an 

 authoritative edition was issued in 1667. The 

 matchless Orinda's poetry has long since faded 

 into forgetfulness, despite the chorus of contem- 

 porary praise from Cowley and every poet of note. 

 Keats found her poems in 1817 wliile writing 

 Kiiiii/mion, and in a letter to Reynolds speaks of 

 them as showing 'a most delicate fancy of the 

 Fletcher kind.' Mr Gosse conjectures the scarce 

 volume of Female Poems (1679) 'written by 

 Ephelia ' to have been the work of Orinda's only 

 daughter, Joan (born about 1654), who married 

 Mi VVogan of Pembrokeshire in 1679. 



See the admirable essay by Mr Edmund Gosse in 

 Eit/htcrnth Cmtury Studies (2d ed. 1885). 



Pllilipstown, a market-town of King's County, 

 Ireland, 8 miles E. of Tullamore and 49 miles 

 W. by S. of Dublin, takes its name from Queen 

 Mary's consort, Philip of Spain. Pop. 829. 



Philistines (Heb. Pelishtim; Gr. allophuloi, 

 'strangers'), a people mentioned in the Bible as 

 licing in frequent contact with the Jews, and who 

 lived on the coast of the Mediterranean, to the 

 south-west of Judtra, from Ekron towards the 

 Egyptian frontier, liordering principally on the 

 tribes of Dan, Simeon, and Judah. Our informa- 

 tion about the origin of the Philistines is extremely 

 obscure. The genealogical table in Genesis (x. 14) 

 counts them among the Egyptian colonies (the 

 'Casluhim, out of whom came the .Philistines'): 

 according to Amos, ix. 7, Jeremiah, xlvii. 4, and 

 Deuteronomy, ii. 23, they came from Caphtor for- 

 merly, from mere resemblance of the word, identilied 



