120 



PHILLIMOUK 



I'HILO JUD^US 



with Cappadocia. Others have, groiindlewly, de- 

 rived tin-in from the Pelu.-gians. Of lati the 

 tendency is to believe tlnit tin- Philistines, who 

 were undoubtedly immigrants, came from Crete, the 

 collocation of Chen-thill's (Cretans) and 1'elethiteH 

 (2 Sam. viii. and xv.) favouring this view. But 

 they seem to liave become thoroughly Semitiscd in 

 speech, tln-ir language l>cin: undittngailibto 

 from pure Hebrew ; and thrir gods Itaalzchuh and 

 Dugoii (ij.v. ) are apiHiicnlly Semitic. 



It is doubtful if Abimclcch, king of Gcriir(Gen. 

 \\i . \\vi.l, was IdBgoftUf |KMiplc or mcicly of the 



li v afterwards I'liilistine ; more proliably the 



expulsion of tint I >anites (Judges, v., \\iii.), pre- 

 Mimalily In-fore the new invader*, maiks tlicir first 

 ap|ieaiauce as aggressive cm Milieu. They were sub- 

 ject to live princes, who ruled over tin- provinces of 

 Gaza. Ashdod, Askahm, Gath, mid Kkron. They 

 were fwi |K)werful at the time of Eli that they 

 carried away the ark itself. I'nde.r Samuel their 

 rale wag terminated hy the liattleof Mizpah. Saul 

 wax constantly engaged in warding oil' their new 

 encroachment*, and at Gilboa he anil lii- son- 

 fell in a disastrous battle against them. David 

 succeedi-d in routing them repeatedly ; and under 



Sol n their whole country st s to have Ix-cn 



all hut incor|>orated in the Jewish empire. The 

 internal iioul>l> of Judii-a emlioldened the Philis- 

 t in.- once more to open resistance ; but Hezekiah 

 MiUliied their rountry with the aid of the Egyp- 

 tians. The Assy i iaii- afterwards took AshdiMl ; 

 and in the time of the Maccalieex the Philistines 

 were Syrian subject* ; by the time of Herod the 

 name of tlie country had long been lost in that of 

 Palestine. A civilised, agricultural, commercial, 

 and warlike nation, they traded largely, and 

 their wares seem to have lieen much sought after. 



See the various historic* of the Israelites cited at 

 JKWS; Schrader'nA'd/i ;,-/, n/(f,.(2de<l. 1883); Wright's 

 ('omp. dram, of Hit Semitic lMn<t\uuitt ( 189U). German 

 itndenU call those who hare ceased to be students, as 

 well a* non-itudenU, tradesmen, &0., Philitter or Philis- 

 tines ; hence the further sense of ' uncultured,' ' narrow- 

 minded,' in which application the term has come to be 

 UMI! in ItriUin, especially through Mr Matthew A mold's 

 influence. 



I'liilliinorr. Snt ROBERT JOSEPH, horn 5th 

 Novemlier 1S1(, studied at Oxford, and, after nerv- 

 ing in the Hoard of Control, hail a brilliant career 

 at the bar. He sut in parliament as a Whig from 

 IS.VJ to 18S7 ; and held in auccession the olhces of 

 Advocate-general (IK62, when he wax knighted), 

 .hidge Advocate-general (1871), judge of the 

 AieheH Court (1867-75) and of the High Court of 

 Admiralty (1S<!7 8.1). Made a tuironet in 1881, 

 he died 4lh February '**8- r >. Hi* most im|>ortant 

 norkn are hi* Ctimmenttiries H/IHII Intrnuitifinnl 

 l.,,,r(4 vols. 1854-fll ; :<1 i-d. 1879), and hi.s Rctteni- 

 iittintl f.nwo/the Church of England (Z voln. 1873; 

 -upp. 



l*llllli|. Inns, K. A., was (Mini, an old sol 

 ilier' -Mm. at Alx'nleen un Mitli April 1817. He 

 wa. apprenticed to a painter and glazier, but 

 in |M:II> wax Kent by Lord Panmure to London, 

 where he wan ere long admitted to the schools of 

 the l!o>:il Academy. In 1839 he begun to 

 rxhibit in the Academy Kxhibition. Most of his 

 arly nnbjiftH wi-ie of Scotch character, such an 

 a ' Scotch Fair' and ' ll.'i|il i-m in Scotland.' In 

 ls.11 ! went to Spain ill search of health. On hi* 

 return he Iwcamc noted an a painter of tin' h;il>it- 

 iind customs of I In- spiinish pi-ople. and was known 

 aw Spiun-li I'liillip. In IH.->:< he exhibited 'Life 

 among the CypKicN at Seville.' His pictures for 

 ISM ...Y \ L-tter Writer of Seville' and ' Kl 

 I'aiwo,' were purchawil by the Oneen. In 1857 he 

 became A.It. A., in 18AO 'll.A. 'The Marriage of 

 the I'rincem Royal ' ( 1800) wan a succewi, an was 



al*o the ' House of Commons, containing upwards 

 of thirty portraitn of the leading memU-rH of Imth 

 sideKof'the House. Hut his main triumphs were in 

 Spanish subjects, such a* 'La (Jloria ' ( IS64 I and 

 'El Cigurillo' (1864). He twice again visited 

 Spain, was in Italv in 18<j6,and died in London, 27th 

 February I*<i7. His ' Early Careerof Murillo' sold 

 in 1895 tor 38(HI guineax. He wa a great colourist, 

 and his light etrecta were broad and strong. 



Phillips. See PHILIPS, HALLIWELL-PHILUPPS. 



i'liillips. WKN'DKI.l,, alM>]itionist, wax Ixirn 

 '2!lth Novemlier 1811, at Itoston, .Massachusetts, 

 the sou of the lirst mayor of the city (1822). He 

 graduated at Harvard with Motley in 1831. studied 

 law there, and wag called to the liar in 1834. KM 

 liet'ore clii'iits came he had been drawn away from 

 his profession to the real work of his life. A timely 

 and important speech in Faneuil Hall in Is:;, made 

 him at once the principal orator of the unli slavery 

 party; and henceforth, until the president's pro 

 claniation of 1st January 1863, he was Carrison's 

 loyal and valued ally, his lectures and addreaaeft 

 doing more for their cause than can well l>c 

 estimated. He also championed the cause of tem- 

 perance, and that of women, and advocated the 

 lights of the Indians. In INTO he was nominated 

 for governor by the Prohibitionist- and the labour 

 party. He died 2d February 1884. His speeches 

 and 'letters were collected in 1863 ( new ed. ]>>- 

 and there is a Life by G. L. Austin i llo-ton. !(- 



PIlillipsblirK. a town of New Jersey, on th" 

 Delaware Kiver (crossed by two railroad hrid;/' 

 opposite Easton, at the western terminns of the 

 Alorris Canal, and 85 miles W. of New York by 

 rail. It contains a rolling-mill and several 

 foundries, boiler- and locomotive -works, \-c. Pop. 

 (1900) 10,052. 



l*liil<'t't's. a famous archer, the friend and 

 armour-lx'arer of Hercules, who Iteqiieathed him 

 his IMIW and poisoneil arniWH. As one of the suitors 

 of Helen, he led seven ships against Troy ; but 

 being bitten in the foot bv a snake (or, according 

 to one story, wounded by bin own arrows ), he fell 

 ill. An his wound gave forth an unendurable 

 stench, the (ireeks left him on the island of 

 Leinnos, where for ten years he spent a miserable 

 life. Hut an oracle declared that Troy could not 

 be taken without the arrows of Hercules, so 

 Ulysses and Neoptolemus were despatched to bring 

 Philocteics to the Greek camp; where, healed by 



.Ksciihipiux or his sons, the resit I hero slew 



Parin, and bellied |K>erfullv in the taking of 

 Troy. After the war lie settled in Italy. A play 

 ol Sophocles is named from him. 



1'liilo Bybliiis. See PIKKMCIA, p. 133. 



Philo JlulirilS. the Philosopher, was liorii at 

 Alexandria, most probably about 'JO 10 It.r. l!e 

 longing to a wealthy family his brother, affording 

 to .loseplnts, was tlie alabarch or arabarch Alex 

 antler he received the most lilieral education ; ami 

 such was his zeal for learning that at a very early 

 age he hail passed through the on Hilary coinse of 

 Greek studies. Although every one of the diller 

 ent free sciences and arts included in the A'm ;/</, /.,i, 

 he says, attracted him like so many beiutifnl 

 shoes, he yet aimed higher, to embrace tin- 

 mistress of them all Philosophy. Metaphysical 

 investigation was the only thing which, lie tells 

 us, could give him anything like satisfaction or 

 pleasure. He was intimately aci|ii:iinl.eil with 

 Plato, the Greek tragedians, and Homer, anil he 

 speaks with the warmest praises of the Stoics 

 and the Pythagoreans. With these and especi- 

 ally with Plato his atlinities are closest an old 

 proverb runs t ti IlXdruf ^Xwciffi 1j QiXwv TXarwWf. 

 Vet with all his Greek culture he remained a Jew, 

 holding Jewish philosophy as the highest wisdom. 



