IM 



PINK 



I'INKAL GLAND 



to lat. 43', and southward to the Alleghanie*. 

 The timber is not strong, but easily wrought and 

 durable. Of the s|>ecies In-longing to the north 

 western parts of America one of the most mag- 

 nificent is P. /.iimltfrtiiiiiii, which i found on the 

 Hocky Mountains between lat. 40 and lat. 43, 

 chiefly on sandy soils. It attains a height of 

 I.Vi to jjui feet, ami a diameter of 7 feet and 

 upwards, alnnist to 'JO feet. The trunk in re- 

 markably straight, and destitute of branches for 

 two thirds of its height : the leaves in lives, the 

 coin's upwards of a foot long. The timlicr is 

 white, soft, and light ; and the tree produces great 

 quantities of a pure amber-coloured resin, which, 

 when the wood is partly burned, is changed 

 into a somewhat saccharine substance, used by 

 the Indians as a sulistitute for sugar. The seeds 

 are eaten either roasted or pounded into coarse 

 cakes. P. fcxilis is found on the Uocky Moun- 

 tain*, near the head-waters of the Arkansas, 

 and occurs almost to the limit of perpetual snow. 

 It has a dense crown formed of numerous and re- 

 markably flexile branches. The leaves are in fives. 

 The seed's are used as food by hunters and Indians. 

 /'. /innilrrusn, another native of the Hocky 

 Mountains, is a magnificent tree, remarkable 

 for the heaviness of it.s timlier, which almost 

 sinks in water. The leaves are in threes, and 9 to 

 14 inches long. /'. fiahininim, P. ('milteri, and 

 /'. iiixignit are also noble species from the west 

 of North America. 



The Himalayas abound ill nines, some of which 

 rival in magnificence those of North-west America. 

 The Bhutan Pine (/'. (jrcelsa), much resembling 

 the Weymouth Pine in its botanical characters, 

 and attaining a height of 90 to 120 feet, abounds 

 in Bhutan, although it is not found in the neigh 

 Ixmring countries of Sikkim and Nepal. The wood 

 is highly valuable, being durable, close-grained, 

 and so resinous as to lie used for llambeaux and 

 candles. The Cheer Pine (P. lunyifoliti ) of India 

 is a tree of remarkable and most graceful appear- 

 ance, with leaves in threes, very long, very slender, 

 anil generally pendulous. It is abundant on the 

 crests of hills in the lower Himalayas, growing at 

 a lower elevation than the other pines. It is 

 cultivated in some parts of India as an orna- 

 mental tree. It is much valued for its resin. 

 The wood is used in India as a substitute for 

 Kuro|>ean deal. The Khasia Pine ( /'. kfiasiana) 

 is peculiar to the Khasia Mountains, and has 

 very much the general ap|iearance of the Scotch 

 pine. /'. ilrriiriliiniii, a species with leaves in 

 tlnccs. i* a large tree, a native of Nepal. The 

 see.ls are eatable. The mountains of India anil 

 the north-western parts of America produce numer- 

 ous other -perie*; Mexico has a numlier of very 

 line ones peculiar to itself; the mountains of St 

 I>omingo have one; the Canary Islands have one; 

 China and Japan also have some. Most of those 

 which have been named, and a numlicr of others, 

 are now readily to be procured in nurseries in 

 Britain, although some of them only at price* 

 which prevent any attempt at extensive plantation. 

 Some wealthy noblemen and gentlemen devote a 

 iMirtion of their grounds to a collection of dilli-rent 

 kind* of pine, called a I'iiirlinii. \ few foreign 



*|M'cii-s have heroine pretty i on in plantations. 



Most of the pine* are quite hardy ill Britain, but 



this is not the case with the Cl t Pine and some 



of the Mexican s|iecies. The name pine is often 

 popuhiih extended, and even in scientific works, 

 to other Cotiifeije ; man\ tiee- called pine In'ing 

 proiM-rly treated at Kir. 



PINK TIMHKli. This term i* in general n-e for 

 the timber of the pine trilie (see CONIFERS), and 

 to not confined to that of the genus Pintis, but 

 embraces the wood of species of Abies, Larix, 



Araucaria, Dammara, &c. From the Baltic port* 

 come red wood and white wood. The former i* 

 yielded by the Scotch Kir (I'l'mix sylitstrif), and 

 the latter' by the Spruce Fir (Abies excetta). Tln-*e 

 two, with the Larch (Lnris riim/m-ii). yield the 

 greatest part of the pine-timlier of Borne Next 

 in importance to these is the pine-timber of the 

 Hritish North American colonies, which is chielh 

 yielded bv the Weymonth Pine i Puum xtr' 

 This wood is liest known in America a- white pine, 

 but in (!reat Britain and in commerce generally ii 

 is called \ellow pine. Cominercialh it is the most 

 important timlier of Canada and the eastern stai. - 

 of America. The yellow pine of this part of Ann-. 

 is the 1'iiinx iinlix, also a valuable timber tree. 

 Red pine, usually called northern red pine i /'/* 

 retinom), is found from Canada to Pennsylvania ; 

 it is intermediate for durability between white pine 

 ami pitch pine. The celebrated pitch pine of the 

 eastern states of America is the product of Pimix 

 nijnlii. It is used for ships' masts ami yards, and 

 for purposes requiring great strength and dura 

 bility, in both of which oiialilies it excels most 

 others of its kind. The Kinds alxive mentioned 

 are those which constitute the greater part of the 

 pine timber used in ship and house building, car- 

 pentry, itc. in (ireat Itritain and the eastern side f 

 America. In France the timber of the Coisican 

 Pine ( /'/HIM Laricio) and the Seaside Pine ( Pi mis 

 I'iniix/i r) are greatly used. In Central and South- 

 ern Italv the pine-timber is chiellv yielded by the 

 Stone Pine ( P. pinea } i and the Calalnian Pine (P. 

 lirnttia); that of Spain is from the P\ renean Pine 

 (P. pyretiaica). In (ierniany, and especially in 

 Austria, the lilack Pine (P. .<///() furnishes 

 the greater portion ; but the tine-grained, soft w bite 

 pine, or deal, so much used for sounding -hoards of 

 musical instruments, is the wood of the Silver Kir 

 (see FIR). The trade in this timber is very gieat, 

 for not only do the Cermans use it almost exclu- 

 sively in their vitst t<iy manufactories and for 

 lucifer matches, but considerable quantities are 

 exported. The finest is cut in the forests of 

 Bohemia, where large establishments are formed 

 for dressing and preparing the wood for various 

 purposes. 



Several other kinds of pine timlier are imported 

 into Europe, but those mentioned form the great 

 staples of the timlier-trade. The chief value of this 

 class of tiiiihei wood* is in the combination of light- 

 ness ami strength with softness of texture and 

 ease in working with ordinary tools; they con 

 stitute, in fact, the principal materials of F.uro- 

 pean and Ameiican builders, and are more n-cd 

 than all other kinds of wood together. Much 

 confusion prevails as to their common designa- 

 tions, for in Britain alone Jir, /iinr, and ilnil are 

 terms applied to all and each of them, according 

 to the caprice of the individual. The liist two 

 names are used liecause the material is derived 

 from one or other of those genera ; but the last U 

 a misnomer altogether, as the term deal lx'1' 

 only to pieces of fir or pine timber cut to p.-u I icnlar 

 si/ex : they are U inches in thickness, 9 inches 

 broad, ami of variable length ; if of less width, 

 they are called l,,ilf,-,i*. Sec TIMIIKI:. 



I'illral 4>l;ill<l. a rounded body about the si/e 

 of a pea, of a slightly yellowish colour, situated 

 u|mn the anterior pair of corpora i|uadrigemina, 



and connected with tl ptic thalami by two 



strands of nerve libres termed its peduncles 

 HKAIN). It contains small cavities in its interior. 

 The function of tin- gland has long liccn matter of 

 speculation, ll was reganled by I Icscartes as the 

 deal of the soul. It has lieen recently discovered 

 to be a developmental remnant of a third eye, the 

 lenient * ,,| which can still be distinctly traced in 

 some of the lower vertebrata. 



