PISCINA 



PISISTRATUS 



199 



Francis (1865), Fry (New York, 1866), Goode (in the 

 Trans. Amer. Fish-culture Assoc., New York, 1881), 

 Oorlick (2ded. Cleveland, Ohio, 1880), Seth Green (on 

 trout, Rochester, N.Y., 1870), Guy (on stocking, 1884), 

 Jacobson (from a Report of the U.S. Commission, 1880), 

 Sir James Haitland (a history of Howietoun, 1887), 

 Nicols (on salmon at the Antipodes, 1882), Norris (on 

 American fish-culture, Philadelphia, 1868; Lond. 1869), 

 Roosevelt (Rochester, N.Y., 1879), Slack (on trout, 

 New York, 1872), Stone (on trout, Charleston, 1877), 

 Wilmot ( on Canadian fish-culture, Ottawa, 1882), Wilson 

 < on salmon at the Antipodes, 1879 ). Also French works 

 by Coste (1850 and 1858), Gebin and Remy (1851), 

 Lamiral (1851 ), Lamy ( 1866), Millet (1870), Quatrefages 

 ( 1854), Raveret Wattel ( 1874 and 1879), Remy ( 1854 and 

 1856), De Bon (1880); Gobin, La Pwciculture en Eaux 

 Douca (1889), La Pisciculture en Eaux Saleei (1891); 

 and German works by Max von dem Borne (1875), 

 Haack (1872), and Jacobi (in the Hannoveriichei 

 Jfayazin for 1763 believed to be the earliest printed 

 notice of modern fish-culture), Nicklas (1880), 'Vogt 

 <1875), Benecke, Dalmer, and Von dem Borne (1886); 

 also the annual Bulletins and Reports of the United 

 States Fish Commission, and the Bulletin! de la Socittt 

 <CA cctimatat ion de France. 



Piscina (named from the swimming- pond in 

 the old Roman baths), 

 in Catholic churches, a 

 shallow stone basin with 

 a drain usually leading 

 directly to the earth, in 

 which the priest washes 

 his hands, and rinses 

 the chalice at the end 

 of the celebration of 

 mass. In England it is 

 almost invariably placed 

 on the south side of 

 the choir, at a convenient 

 height. 



PIsek, a walled town 

 of Bohemia, stands on 

 an affluent of the Mol- 

 dau, 84 miles by rail S. 

 by W. of Prague, and 

 has iron and brass works, 

 and manufactures of 

 paper, boots, hats, &c. 

 Pop. 10,596. 



I'iscina. 



a name that seems to have applied 

 generally to the mountain-range or district to the 

 east of the Lower Jordan, identical with, or itself a 

 part of, the mountains of Abarim ( Deut. xxxii. 49 ; 

 xxxiv. ] ), one of the summits of which is Mount 

 Nebo ( the modern Neba ), 2644 feet above the level 

 of the Mediterranean. From this point Moses 

 enjoyed his glimpse of the Promised Land, in 

 arly spring. It is not the highest point among 

 the spurs which here run out from the Moabite 

 plateau, but Major Conder points out that it is 

 tlie nearest ridge to the Israelite camp in the plain 

 of Shittim. He describes the view to the east 

 as shut in but two miles off by the shelving 

 edge of the Moabite plateau, and to the south as 

 closed five miles oil' by a long ridge, but that to 

 the west as including all the Judrean watershed, 

 ami in clear weather all Samaria and Lower 

 Galilee, as far as Tabor and the chain of Gilboa. 

 The Sea of Galilee and Hermon are shut out by the 

 lofty range of Penuel (Jebel Osh'a)\n Gilead, while 

 tin* western watershed of Jud.-rannd Samaria makes 

 it impossible to see the waters of the Mediterranean ; 

 but below to the south-west the northern half of 

 the Dead Sea is seen, bordered by the precipices 

 of Engedi, beyond which stretches the dreary 

 JwUmoMOr desert of Judah. The burial-place of 

 Moses is unknown, but may have lieen, suggests 

 Conder, in the terrible gorge of the Zerka M'atn, on 

 the south side of the cliff of Peor, or Minyeh, the 



Callirhoe of the tyrant Herod's days. Its old 

 Hebrew name appears to have been Nehaliel ( ' the 

 valley of God ' ). 



Of the three stations from which Balaam watched 

 the encampment of Israel, Conder makes the 

 first Bamoth-Baal (Maslubtyeh), a high ridge 

 separated from Nebo by a deep valley ; the second, 

 the ridge of Nebo itself ; the third, the top of Peor, 

 over against Jeshimon, a cliff called Minyeh. 



Pisllfn, a district of Southern Afghanistan, just 

 north of Quetta, which has been governed by a 

 political agent of the Governor-general of India 

 since 1878. The British occupied it on account of 

 its great strategical importance : it is the meeting- 

 place of several roads, practicable for troops but 

 not for wheeled carriages, leading from Sind and 

 Punjab to Kandahar. The district area, 3600 

 sq. m. ; elevation, 5000 feet consists of alluvial 

 valleys separated by ranges of hills, the whole 

 sloping south-west, and surrounded by mountain- 

 chains that reach in north and south 11,000 feet. 

 The people, partly settled, partly nomad, grow 

 wheat, barley, maize, millet, lucerne, water-melons, 

 and musk-melons, and trade in horses to India. 

 Pop. 60,000. A branch of the Indus valley line 

 traverses the principal valley. 



Pisidia, one of the ancient divisions of Asia 

 Minor, lay on the south, separated from the sea by 

 the narrow strip of Pamphylia, and having Plirygia 

 on the north, Isauria on the east, and Lycia on the 

 south-west. Traversed by the main chain of the 

 Taurus, it is a mountainous region, with an inhos- 

 pitable climate. The people, a race of hardy and 

 lawless mountaineers, were greatly given to preda- 

 tory expeditions, and do not seem to have paid any 

 regular obedience to the various oriental and otbei 

 conquering races until Roman times. Under the 

 Roman supremacy there were several prosperous 

 cities, as Sagalassus, Antipch, Selge, Termessns 

 The boundaries of the province varied at different 

 periods. 



I'i si strains (Gr. Peisistratos), a famou 

 'tyrant' of Athens, was Ixirn about 600 B.C. A l< 

 first he co-operated with his kinsman,' the famous 

 Solon, and in the war against the Megariaus 

 acquired considerable military distinction ; but 

 afterwards, when probably his ambitious views had 

 become more matured, he came forward as the 

 leader of one of the three parties into which Attica 

 was then divided the Diacrii (party of the High- 

 lands), chiefly a labouring population, jealous of 

 the rich, and eager for equality of political privi- 

 leges. Driving into the market-place of Athens 

 one day, and exhibiting certain self-inflicted wounds, 

 he called upon the people to protect him against his 

 and their enemies ; and, a general assembly of the 

 citizens being summoned, a partisan proposed to 

 allow him a bodyguard of fifty men. The measure 

 was carried in spite of the strenuous opposition of 

 Solon. Gradually Pisistratus increased the number, 

 and in 560 B.C., when he felt himself strong enough, 

 seized the Acropolis. The citizens, in general, 

 seem to have tacitly sanctioned this high-handed 

 act. Megacles and the Alcma?onids the heads of 

 the rich aristocratic party fled from the city, but 

 returned in 554 and drove Pisistratus into exile 

 in Eubcea (552). Supported by Thebes and Argos, 

 he was able in 541 to sail with a strong force, 

 landed in Attica at Marathon, and marched on 

 the capital. His partisans hurried to swell his 

 ranks. At Pallene he encountered bis opponents, 

 and completely defeated them, but used his vic- 

 tory with admirable moderation. When be entered 

 the city no further resistance was made, and he 

 resumed the sovereignty at once. He lived for 

 sixteen years afterward* in undisturbed posses- 

 sion of power, dying 527 B.C., and transmitting his 



