256 



POCAHONTAS 



PODAKGUS 



provided by an express section of the Larceny Act, 

 1861, that 'the owner of the fishery or land where 

 the poacher is canght, or bin servant, may demand, 

 and if refused may seize, the net, rod, line, hook, 

 or other implement used for taking the fish, but no 

 other person can seize these. Large powers to 

 arrest are given to water-bailiffs acting under the 

 Fresh-water Fisheries Act, 1878. 



The law of Scotland differs considerably from 

 that of England. As regards fish other than 

 salmon the general rule is that the riparian owner 

 is entitled to catch all th li-h he can, provided he 

 <lo not interfere with the superior right of some 

 crown grantee of the salmon-fishery. A person 

 who poaches trout or other fresh-water fish with a 

 net, or by double-rod fishing, or cross-line fishing, 

 or set lines, &c., incurs a penalty of 5, besides 

 forfeiture of the fish caught. And he may be 

 arrested if he is net-fishing, but not if he is fishing 

 in another way. Moreover a mere angler of trout, 

 though a poacher, cannot be arrested nor yet 

 punished by any penalty ; though he is liable to 

 an action of interdict. In the case of all poachers 

 of trout (except angling poachers, who can neither 

 be arrested nor yet have their fish or fishing-rod 

 taken from them by force), the owner of the fishery 

 or any person authorised by him may seize the 

 nete, boats, and fishing implements if the poachers 

 are found on the spot. See the Fresh-water 

 Fisheries (Scotland) An* of 1845 and I860. The 

 public have no right to angle from a highway 

 adjoining a stream. Where a stream runs through 

 a farm the farmer has no right to angle for trout, 

 unless the lease expressly allows it. The Irish law 

 is practically the same as the English. 



See Pateraon's Fithtry Latct (new ed. 1873); Oke's 

 Fuhcry Latn (new ed. 1884) ; and, for Scotland, Stewart 

 on Right* of Pithing ( 1869 ). 



Pocahontas, daughter of an Indian chief, 

 Powhatan, born aliout 1595, figures prominently 

 in the American travels of Captain John Smith 

 (q.v.) in connection with the part she played 

 in the history of the early English colonists in 

 Virginia. The expedition under Captain Bartholo- 

 mew Gosnold ami others had landed in Chesa- 

 peake Bay in 1607. The James River was 

 explored, and a settlement formed, Imt a great 

 drawback was the lack of food supplies. In one 

 of i In- expeditions for food, and to explore the 

 I'hickahoininy, Smith was taken prisoner, brought 

 before the chief Powhatan, and his head laid on 

 a stone preparatory to having his brains beaten 

 out with clubs. At this juncture Pocahontas, 

 then a young girl, ' w hen no entreaty could pre- 

 vail, got his nead in her arms, and laid her own 

 ii|inn his to save him from death.' She again 

 saved Smith's life in 1609 by informing him of a 

 plot by her father against him. She was brought 

 a prisoner to Jamestown by Captain Argall in 



1613. She married an Englishman, John Rolfe, in 



1614, is said to have embraced Christianity, and 

 came to England with her husband in 1616. 

 During her residence of seven months in England 

 Smith |>ctitioned (jueen Anne on her Ix-half. 

 Having embarked with her husband for Virginia, 

 she died off Gravescnd in March 1617. She left 

 one -on, and a branch of the Randolphs and 

 wveral other Virginia families claim descent from 

 her ( Itnliei t -on ami Brock, Ptmihonta* and her 

 Dt*cendnnt, Kichm. 1887). Charles Deanc. in his 

 notes to his reprint of Smith's True lirlntinii 

 (I860), first started doubts as to Smith- vci.i.-ity 

 in connection with the I'oealmntas incident, and 

 this scepticism has l?en shared by other writers. 

 But Professor Edward Arlwr in his reprint of 

 Smith's works (IH84) holds implicitly to the truth 

 of the story, which, after a most rigorous test, he 

 declares in n solid historical fact. 



Pochard (Fuliqula), a genus of diving ducks 

 which are marine during the greater part of the 

 year. One of their distinctive structural features 

 is a membranous lobe on the hind toe. The 

 Common Pochard (/'. ferina) is a winter visitor 

 to Britain, and sometimes breeds by the shores of 

 inland meres. The Red-crested Pochard (F. rujina) 

 is a rare wanderer to Britain ; so is the Ferrugin- 

 ous ( /'. nyroca), while the Tufted (F. crutata) and 

 the Scaup < /'. marila) are much commoner, and 

 sometimes breed in suitable inland resorts. Nearly 

 allied to F. ferina is an American species (A. 

 amtricana), and the Canvas-back Duck (q.v.) also 

 belongs to this genus. 



PtM'klilltfton, a market-town in the East 

 Riding of YorbUni, 16 miles ESE. of York. It 

 has a good Early English church (restored 1850) 

 and a grammar school ( 1514 ; reconstituted 1876), 

 where Wilberforce was educated. Top. '-'T.'i.'i. 



Pocoek, EDWARD, a learned Orientalist, was 

 born in 1604, and educated at Corpus Christi 

 College, Oxford, of which he was elected follow in 

 1628. He early devoted him-elf to oriental studies, 

 and sailed for" Aleppo in 1630 as chaplain to the 

 English factory, but returned in 1636 to fill Laud's 

 i newly-founded Arabic chair at Oxford, and received 

 in 1643 the college living of Childrey. His estim- 

 able character anil great learning raised up for 

 him during the troubles friends like Selden and 

 Owen. He was appointed to the chair of Hebrew 

 in 1648, but his inability to take the engagement 

 of 1649 deprived him of the salary down to the 

 Restoration. He survived till 1691. Pocock's 

 learning was really remarkable, even apart from 

 all allowances for his time. His .Syv//CH Historite 

 Artilium (1649), abridged from Abulfaraj ; Porto 

 Moats (1655) extracts from Maimonides' Arabic 

 commentary on the Mishna ; the Annals of Kuty- 

 chius (1656), in Arabic and Latin ; and an edition 

 of the Arabic history of Barhebneni (16G:i). were 

 followed by Commentaries on Micah (1677), 

 Malachi ( 16/7 ), Hosea ( 1685 ), and Joel ( 1691 ). 



Pooorke. HR-HAUD, 'the Traveller," was born 

 at Southampton in 1704, and educated there ami at 

 Corpus Christi College, Oxford. Precentor succes- 

 sively of Lismore and Waterford, then Archdeacon 

 of liublin (1745), in 1756 he was consecrated 

 Bishop of Ossory, and had just been translated to 

 Meath, when, on loth Septemlier 176,"), while on a 

 visitation, he died very suddenly at Charlevillc, 

 near Tullamorp. His travels, which took up nearly 

 I nine years of his life, and in which he must have 

 riddeii some 52.000 miles, are described in two folios 

 dealing with his four years' wanderings in Syria, 

 Egypt, and Mesopotamia ( 1743-45), in a volume on 

 his tour* in Scotland (Scottish History Soc., 1887), 

 in two on his tours through England (Camden 

 Soc., 1888-89) and in one on Ireland (edited by J. 

 T. Stokes, 1891 ) books that are as dull as they are 

 valuable. I'ococke was, moreover, the pioneer of 

 Alpine travel, for in 1741 he led a dozen English- 

 men, all strongly armed, to the Vale of Cliamoiini, 

 whose grateful 'inhabitants carved his name and 

 t he date on a huge granite boulder close to the Mer 

 de Glace, 



Poll. See FRUIT. 



I'odajira. See GOUT. 



I'otlartniK. a genus of birds nearly allied to 

 the true ( loat suckers. They are at home in New 

 Cuiiiea and Australia, are arboreal and nocturnal 

 in their habits, and feed on large insects, which 

 are mostly caught about the trees. Some of them 

 are so sleepy during the day that Gould says they 

 may be occasionally caught by the hand, or one 

 may 1* shot without waking its neighbour. They 

 make rough nests in the eucalyptus or casuarina 

 trees, lay two eggs of spotlons white, and the 



