830 



I'ORT 



POKTE 



He also n|M>netl a correspondence with the veteran 

 cholnr Uoid Kiihiiken of Le\dcn. His Kottr 

 breve* ail 7'oM/m Enitniliitiunrs in Xiiidam (1790) 

 tirot carried his name bevnnd England ai* n scholar 

 of the highest rank. In 1787 appeared in the 

 Qtnllrinnii Mni/ii;iiif his three sarcastic letters 

 on Hawkins' I. iff </ JnliHsnn . anil during 1788 

 and 1789, in the name periodical, hi* far more 

 famous ami trenchant Letter* to Archdearon Travu, 

 OH the Spurious Verte 1 John v. 7 (coll. 1790) 

 the most acute and accurate piece of criticism 

 since the da\s of llentlcy,' says (iihlioii. Poreon 

 imtnrallv incurred yrc.-it odium on account of the 

 Mill- which he took in this controversy, and it is 

 said that one old Norwich lady, who had him in 

 her will for a legacy of 300, cut it down to 30 

 when -he heard that he had written a book against 

 Christianity. In 1792 his fellowship ceased to he 

 tenable by a layman, whcrcu|x>n Dome friends 

 raised a fund to preserve him from \vant, and 

 about 100 a vear was secured. This he accepted 

 on cnnditiiin thai after his death the money should 

 be returned to the donors, but when they refused 

 to take it back it was used to form a foundation 

 for the 1'iirson prize at Cambridge. He was also 

 appointed to the resins professorship of (ireuk in 

 the university of Cambridge, an othce worth 40 

 a year. In 1795 he edited the plays of .Kschylus 

 for the Foul is press at Glasgow, anil between 1797 

 and 1801 four of Euripides, the Hecuba, the Orestes, 

 the I'/iirnisstr, and the Medea. He also collated 

 the Harleian MS. of the Odyssey for the Grenville 

 Homer. He married in 1796, hut his wife died live 

 mnntliH later, too soon to cure him of his dilatory 

 and Hlovenly habits and his thirst for drink. In 

 1808 he was appointed librarian of the nely- 

 founded London institution, with a salary of 900, 

 but neglected his duties. He was suddenly struck 

 down with apoplexy in the Strand, tilth Se|>tcml>er 

 1808, and died six days later. He was lumed in 

 the chapel of Trinity College, Cambridge. Poison 

 possessed a stupendous memory, unwearied in- 

 dustry, great acuteness, fearless honesty, and 

 masculine sense, hut was hindered all his life by 

 poverty, ill-health, dilatoriness, and fits of in- 

 temperance. With all his powers he achieved but 

 little, and to justify contemporary admiration 

 there remain, besides the works already named, 

 hut a few bon-mots, some brilliant emendations, 

 the posthumous .1,1, ; , .mrin (1812), and notes on 

 Ail-tophanes (1820), the lexicon of Photius (1822), 

 PaiiKanias ( 1820), and Kuidas (1834). His T,,,, /. 

 anil (,'riticimu were collected by Kidd ( 18 !.">). 



See 'Pononiana' in Rogers' Table- Talk (I MR), H. R. 

 Loan) in Cambridge Kuayt (1857), and the Rev. J. 

 Helby Wataon'i Life (18C1). Hi C'orr. */""''- ,,rr was 

 edited by Luard for the Cambridge Antiq. Sue. ( 1867). 



Port. 8e STEERING ; also POUT WINE. 



Porta, OlAMBATTISTA DKLLA, Nea|M>litatl 

 physicist (1543-1615), wrote numerous works on 

 physiology, gardening, arlKiriculliire, pneumatics, 

 and refraction, besides several comedies; hi- hest- 

 known (looks licing Mnifm Xaluralit (1569) and 

 De lliiiii'iiin I'/ii/su>ffnomonia. For Itaccio della 

 Porta, see B.utrm.nMMEo. 



Port Adelaide. See ADELAIDE. 



I'orfndown. a market town of Armagh, Ire- 

 land, on the Ibinn. II miles S. of Lough N'cngh 

 and 2."> miles l,\ tail S\V. of Belfast. It is a phn 



of o.nsidcmlile trade in agricultural prodi , and 



manufactures linen, cambric, and sheeting. Pop. 

 < 1871 ) 6735 ; ( 18HI ) 7850; ( 1891 ) 8430. 



I'lirfaire <'it>. capital of Columbia county, 



\\ -eoiiMin. is at the hend of navigation on tne 



\\ I-.OIIMII r.in-r. :ind on the ship-canal which con- 



- il with tin- I- o\ IliM'i. 177 mil.- by rail N \V 



oi i ln.n^o. SteainboatH ply to Green'Bay, Lake 



Michigan. Portage has grain-elevators and iron- 

 works, and manufactures leather, boots, clothing, 

 >\c. Pop. ( 1880) 4346 ; (1900) 6459. 



Portage la Prairie, the market-town of a 

 rich agricultural district in Manitoba, on the 

 AssiniUine River, 5tt miles by rail W. of Winni- 

 peg. It has flour-mills and grain-elevati. 

 brewer)-, a ^biscuit-factory, a pa|-r mill, \c. Pop. 

 3600.- In North America portatje (from Fr. port, r, 

 'to carry') means a place where boats or canoes 

 have to lie carried past rapids or across between 

 one navigable, stieam and another. 



Portalls, JEAN ETIENNE MARIE (1745-1807),' 

 jurist, practised law in Paris, was imprisoned during' 

 the Revolution, but under Napoleon was chief au- 

 thor of the ( 'nilf I 'ii-il. See CODE. 



Portal Vein. See LIVER, CIRCULATION. 



Portarlin^ton, a market-town of Ireland, 

 partly in Kings County, partly in t,|ueen's County, 

 on the Barrow, 44 miles by rail S\V. of Dublin. It 

 was granted by Charles II. to the Earl of Arlington ; 

 and liere William III. planted a colony of I n-nrh 

 and Flemish Protestant-. I ntil 1885 it returned 

 one member to parliament. Pop. 2357. 



Port Artblir, the terminus of the eastern 

 division of the Canadian Pacific Railway, on 

 Thunder Bay, Lake Superior, 993 miles WNW. 

 of Montreal. Pop. 5500. See OWEN SOUND. 



Port Arthur, or LUSIIUNKO, a naval station 

 and arsenal on the peninsula stretching south into 

 the Gulf of Pe-chi-li, opposite that of Wei-hai-wei, 



on the Shantung promontory to the south ; together 

 they command the entrance to the gulf. The Eng- 

 lish name is derived from the captain of one of 

 Her Majesty's ships employed in surveying the 

 coasts of Corea and Manchuria. In the middle of 

 the century a miserable fishing village, the port 

 was fortified and provided with docks, electric light, 

 a lighthouse, <S:e., with the help ot Cerman engi- 

 ncer>. It \vastakenbytheJapanesein No\ ember 

 1894 ; and in 1898 it and Ta-lien-wan, on the east 

 coast of the peninsula, were 'leased' to Russia 

 ( nominally for 25 years, with ]iower to extend the 

 term ). Port Arthur became a naval port closed to 

 all but Russian and Chinese ships ; part of Ta-lien- 

 wan is similarly closed. Wci-hai-wei, taken by the 

 -,. in January 1895, was held by them till 

 1898, when it was taken over by Britain, to be held 

 on the same conditions as Port Arthur is by Russia. 

 The harbour is shallow, and excised to some winds, 

 but both strategically and as a coaling-station is 

 important. 



Porl-iiii-PriiM-e. the capital of Havti (i|.v.), 

 is situated on the west coast, at the head of a bay 

 of the same name. Pop. 20,000. 



Port Breton, in theSE. of New Ireland. Bis- 

 marck Archipelago, was in IS7!I the scene of a di- 

 astrous experiment in colonising by French Legit i- 

 mists under the Mari|uis dii lla\- 



Porlrilllis, a strong timlier or iron grating 

 sliding in the jambs of the entrance to a castle, 

 which, when dropped to the ground, defended the 

 gate from assailants. 



Port Darwin, a magnificent landlocked deep- 

 water harbour of the Northern Territory of South 

 Au-tralia. Palmerston, the chief town and jMirt 

 on its shores, is the terminus of the overland tele- 

 graph, 1!>73 mile- from Adelaide, and of the cable 

 to Java, and is the starting-point of a short railway 

 (146 miles * ; p.,p. 800. 



Port It'l rlian. See DURBAN 

 Port IMirilford, a harbour in British I'.a-b 

 Africa, a little more than I S. of the ei|iiator. 



Port*'. srm.iME. See CONSTANTINOI-I.I . 



