POTSDAM 



POTTER 



359 



corresponds in this sense to the Hotch-potch (q.v.) 

 of Scotland and the Olla Podrida ( q. v. ) of Spain. 

 In Music the name is used for a selection of 

 popular pieces strung together without much 

 arrangement a kind or medley. 



Potsdam, chief town of the Prussian province 

 of Brandenburg, and second residence town of the 

 royal family of Prussia, is situated on an island 

 T>eside the lake-like river Havel, 18 miles by rail 

 SW. of Berlin. It is a handsome city, with broad 

 streets, public gardens, adorned with statues of 

 Prussian soldiers, and fine squares. The royal 

 palace ( 1667-1701 ), in the park of which are statues 

 of Frederick- William I., Alexander I. of Russia, 

 and Generals Bliicher, Gneisenau, Kleist, and 

 Tauenzieu ; the town-house, a copy of that at 

 Amsterdam ; and the military orphanage are the 

 finest of the public buildings. The garrison church, 

 with a steeple 290 feet high, contains the tombs of 

 Frederick-William I. and Frederick II. ; and the 

 Friedenskirclie the tombs of Frederick-William 

 JV. and the Emperor Frederick III. The Branden- 

 burg Gate is a copy of Trajan's Arch at Rome. In 

 the immediate neighbourhood of the town are more 

 than half-a-dozen royal palaces, as Sans-Souci 

 ( 1745-47 ), the favourite residence of Frederick the 

 Great, surrounded by a splendid park and gardens, 

 containing Rauch's monument to Queen Louisa 

 and other structures ; the palace of Friedrichskron, 

 formerly the New Palace (1763-70), with nearly 

 200 rooms, many of which contain costly works of 

 art ; Charlottenhof, built by Frederick- William IV. 

 in 1826 ; the Marble Palace, the summer residence 

 of the Emperor William II. ; and Babelsberg, the 

 private property of the same prince. Potsdam has 

 an observatory, and a cadet and other military 

 schools. It- manufactories produce sugar, chemi- 

 cals, harness, silk, waxcloth, beer, &c. Flower- 

 gardening, especially of violets, is a busy industry. 

 Alexander von Homboldt was a native. Pop., 

 including the garrison (1890), 63,727. Potsdam 

 owes its creation as a town to the Great Elector, 

 Frederick- William, and to Frederick II. Prior to 

 that period it was a fishing-village, built on the 

 -site of an ancient Slav settlement. See German 

 works by Kopisch (1854), A. R. (1883), and Sello 

 (1888). 



Potsdam Beds, a name given in North 

 America to the uppermost division of the Cam- 

 brian or Primordial strata. 



Potstone, Lapis Ollaris of the ancient Romans, 

 a massive variety of talc-schist, composed of a finely- 

 felted aggregate of talc, mica, and chlorite. It is 

 generally of a grayish-green colour, sometimes dark 

 green. It occurs massive, or in granular concre- 

 tions. It is soft and easily cut when newly dug up, 

 freasy to the touch, and infusible even before the 

 lowpipe. It becomes hard after exposure to the air. 

 It is made into pots and other household utensils, 

 which communicate no bad taste to anything con- 

 tained in them, and when greasy are cleane'd by the 

 fire. It was well known to the ancients ; and 

 Pliny describes the manner of making vessels of it. 

 It was anciently procured in abundance in the isle 

 of Siphnos (Siphanto), one of the Cyclades, and 

 in Upper Egypt. Large quarries of it were wrought 

 on the Lake of Como, from alxrat the beginning of 

 the Christian era to 25th August 1618, when they 

 fell in, causing the destruction of the neighbouring 

 town of Pleurs, in which it was wrought into culin- 

 ary vessels, slabs for ovens, &c. It is quarried in 

 the Valais, Moravia, Norway, Sweden, Greenland, 

 near Hudson Bay, &c. 



Pott, AUGUST FRIEDRICH, a great philologist, 

 was liorn at Nettelrede in Hanover, 14th November 

 1802. He studied philology at Gottingen, habilit- 

 ated at Berlin in 1830, in 1833 became extra- 



ordinary, in 1839 ordinary professor of the Science 

 of Language in the university of Halle. Next to 

 W. Humboldt, Bopp, and Grimm, the name of 

 Pott stands prominent in the new science of 

 comparative philology. The foundation of Pott's 

 reputation was securely laid by his Etymologische 

 Forschungen anf dem Gebiet der Indogermanischen 

 Sprachen (2 vols. 1833-36 ; 2d ed. 6 vols. 1859-76), 

 a work second in importance only to Bopp's Com- 

 parative Grammar. His well-known article ' Indo- 

 germanischer Sprachstamm,' in Ersch and Gruber's 

 Encyklopadie, is a masterpiece of condensation, 

 and for once of order. For his besetting fault was 

 a lack of order and perspicuity, which made 

 Ascoli compare his books to the plain of Shinar 

 after the confusion of Babel had taken place. But 

 no student ever brought to his studies a loftier 

 spirit of devotion, or collected more massive 

 materials for the foundation of a new science. 

 So thorough was his treatment that all the 

 progress oF learning since has not stripped the 

 value from his books on the Gypsies, on Personal 

 Names, on Numerals, his essays on Mythology, 

 African Languages, or General Grammar. He 

 died at Halle, 5th July 1887, working to the last. 



His most important books, besides those already named 

 and countless articles and papers in the learned journals, 

 are De Boruaico-Litltuanicce tarn in Slavicis quam in 

 Letticit Linrjuii Principatu (1837-41); Die Zigeuner in 

 Europa und Asien (2 vols. 1844-45); Die Quinare und 

 Viyeiimale Zahlmethode bei Volkern aller Weltteile ( 1847 ) ; 

 Die Personennamen ( 1853 ) ; Die Ungleichheit der mensck- 

 lichen Hasten, hauptsachlich vain, Sprachwissenschaft- 

 lichfn Slandpunkt ( 1856 ) ; Doppelung als eiiis der 

 wichtujsten Bildunymittel der Sprache (1862); Anti- 

 Kaulen, oder mythische Vorstellungen vom Unprung der 

 ViUker und Sprachen ( 1863 ); and Die Sprachverschieden- 

 heit in Eurapa, an den Zahlwirtern nachgewiesen ( 1868 ). 



I'o 1 1 :MY:II I a mil's, a tribe of American Indians, 

 belonging to the Algonquin stock. The early 

 French settlers established a mission amongst them 

 at Green Bay, and to this day many of them are 

 Roman Catholics. They sided with the English 

 both during the Revolution and in the war of 1812, 

 and afterwards settled in Kansas, where one band 

 of over 400 now live in houses and cultivate the 

 ground. Another band, nearly 500 strong, is on a 

 reservation in the same state, under the care of the 

 Society of Friends. 



Potter, JOHN, D.D., an English scholar and 

 divine, the son of a linen-draper of Wakefield, in 

 Yorkshire, was born in 1674, studied with great 

 diligence and success at Oxford, where he took his 

 degree of M. A. in 1694, and in the same year received 

 holy orders. He was appointed chaplain to Queen 

 Anne in 1706, professor of Divinity at Oxford in 

 1708, Bishop of Oxford in 1715, and finally in 1737 

 attained the highest dignity in the English Church 

 the archbishopric of Canterbury. He died 21st 

 October 1747, and was buried at Croydon. Potter's 

 principal work is his Archceologia Grceca ('An- 

 tiquities of Greece,' 2 vols. 1698), not superseded 

 until the appearance of Dr W. Smith's Dictionary 

 of Greek and Roman Antiquities; besides which, 

 however, we may mention his edition of Lycophron 

 ( 1697 ) and of Clemens Alexandrmus ( 1715 ). 



Potter, PAUL, the greatest animal-painter of 

 the Dutch school, was born at Enkhuizen in 1625, 

 and was the pupil of his father, Pieter Potter, 

 a landscape-painter, with whom in 1631 lie came to 

 Amsterdam. He was also an excellent etcher, and 

 so precocious that his best etched pieces, ' The 

 Herdsman' and 'The Shepherd,' were finished in 

 1643 and 1644 respectively. He established himself 

 at the Hague in 1649, where next year he married 

 the daughter of an architect, but in 1653 he 

 returned to Amsterdam. He died therein January 

 1654 at the untimely age of twenty-nine. His 



