PRE-ADAMITES 



PRECEDENCE 



385 



auditors' ears for a good while after. ' The autobio- 

 graphical style is a persistent snare to young con- 

 verts in their preaching, forgetting how diverse are 

 human character and conditions, how complex is 

 Christian experience, and how large and varied 

 was Christ's own conception of the kingdom of 

 heaven. The most alarming danger to the pulpit 

 in the present day is, however, a maudlin hysterical 

 style of treating religious truths, natural enough in 

 a society debauched with the over-excitement and 

 fever of an age of competition, but ultimately fatal 

 to the dignity and authority of a venerable institu- 

 tion, the real foundations of which must be mastery 

 over emotion and firmness of intellectual fibre, as 

 well as comprehensive grasp of the truths revealed 

 by Jesus Christ. 



See Dr J. M. Neale, Mediaeval Preachers and Preach- 

 iny ( 1857 ) ; Rev.S. Baring-Gould, Pott-medicemJ Preachers 

 ( 1865 ) ; Rothe, Geichichte d. Predict vom An/any bi auf 

 KcMeicrmarher (Bremen, 1881); the Rev. G. J. Da vies, 

 Papm on Preaching (3d ed. 1883); Professor Mahaffy, 

 Decay of Modern Preaching ( 1882) ; Professor John Ker"8 

 fragmentary Lecturn ( 1887 ) ; the treatises on Hoiniletics 

 by Vinet (1858), Kidder (1864), Hoppin (1869), and 

 Blaikie 1 1873 ) ; also the excellent series of Yale lectures 

 by Beecher, Philips Brooks, Dale, and others. 



Pre-Adamites. See ADAM. 



Prebend. See CATHEDRAL. 



Precedence, the order in which individuals 

 are entitled to follow one another in a state pro- 

 cession or on other public occasions. In England 



the order of precedence depends partly on the 

 statute of 1539, partly on subsequent statutes, 

 royal letters-patent, and ancient usages. Among 

 questions of precedence depending on usage there 

 are some which can hardly be considered so settled 

 as to be matter of right, and are in a great degree 

 left to the discretion of the crown, which generally 

 refers any disputed question to the officers of arms. 

 In Scotland the Lyon Court has the direct juris- 

 diction in all questions of precedence. 



It is a general rule of precedence that persons of 

 the same rank follow according to the order of the 

 creation of that rank ; and in the precedence of the 

 English peerage it has been fixed that the younger 

 sons of each preceding rank take place immediately 

 after the eldest son of the next succeeding rank. 

 Married women and widows take the same rank 

 among each other as their husbands, except such 

 rank be professional or official, and it is an invari- 

 able rule that no office gives rank to the wife or 

 children of the holder of it. Unmarried women 

 take the same rank with their eldest brother ; the 

 wife of the eldest son, of any degree, however, 

 preceding the sisters of her husband and all other 

 ladies in the same degree with them. Marriage 

 with an inferior does not take away the precedence 

 which a woman enjoys by birth or creation ; with 

 this exception, that the wife of a peer always 

 takes her rank from her husband. The following 

 tallies exhibit the precedence of different ranks as 

 recognised by law in England. 



The Sovereign. 



The Prince of Wales, 



Sons of the Sovereign. 



Grandsoni of the Sovereign. 



Brother* of the Sovereign. 



Uncle* of the Sovereign. 



The Sovereign's brothers' or sisters' sons. 



Archbishop of Canterbury, Primate of all 



England. 

 Lord Bigh Chancellor, or Lord Keeper, 



being a Baron. 



Archbishop of York, Priinate of England, 

 ly'inl High Treasurer. 

 Lord President of the Being of 



Privy-council. . the degree of 



Lord Privy Seat Barons. 



Lord Great Chamberlain. 

 Lord High Constable. < 

 Earl Marshal. Above all of 



I>rl High Admiral. their degree ; 



Lord Steward of H.M. if Dukes,above 



Household. all Dukes, 



Lord Chamberlain of &C. 



KM. Household. J 

 Dukes. 



Eldest sons of Dukes of the Blood Royal. 

 Marquises. 

 Dukfs' eldest sons. 

 Earls. 



Younger sons of Royal Dukes. 

 Marquises' eldest sons. 

 Dukes' younger sons. 



TABLE OF PRECEDENCE AMONO MEN. 



Viscounts. 



Earls' eldest sons. 



Marquises' younger sons. 



Bishops of London, Durham, and Win- 

 chester. 



All other English Bishops according to 

 seniority of Consecration. 



Secretaries of State, if Barons. 



Barons. 



Speaker of the House of Commons. 



Commissioners of the Great Seat 



Treasurer of H.M. Household. 



Comptroller of H.M. Household. 



Master of the Horse. 



Vice-chamberlain of H.M. Household. 



s.-. Tft.-iries of State, under degree of Baron. 



Viscounts' eldest sons. 



Earls' younger sons. 



Barons' eldest sons. 



Knights of the Garter. 



I'rivy-rouncillors. 



Chancellor of the Order of the Garter. 



Chancellor of thf Exchequer. 



Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster. 



Lord Chief-justice. 



Master of the Rolls. 



Lords Justices of Appeal. 



Judges of the High Court of Justice. 



Bannerets made by the Sovereign under 

 the royal standard in open war. 



Viscounts' younger sons. 



Barons' younger sons. 



Baronets. 



Bannerets not made by the Sovereign in 



person. 



Knights Grand Crosses of the Bath. 

 K. Grand Commanders of Star of India. 

 K. Grand Crosses of St Michael and St 



George. 

 K. Grand Commanders of Order of Indian 



Empire. 



Knights Commanders of the Bath. 

 Knights Commanders of the Star of India. 

 K. Commanders of Michael and George. 

 Knights Bachelors. 

 Judges of County Courts. 

 Companions of the Bath. 

 Comjianions of the Star of India. 

 Cavalieri and Companions of Michael and 



George. 



Comjianions of Order of Indian Empire. 

 Companions of the Distinguished Service 



Order. 



Eldest sons of the younger sons of Peers. 

 Baronets' eldest sons. 

 Eldest sons of Knights of the Garter. 

 Bannerets' eldest sons. 

 Eldest sons of Knights, according to 



their fathers' precedence. 

 Eldest sons of Knights Bachelors. 

 Baronets' younger sons. 

 Knights' younger sons. 

 Esquires. 

 Gentlemen. 



TABLE OF PRECEDENCE AMONG WOMEN. 



The Queen. 



The Princess of Wales. 



Princesses, daughters of the Sovereign. 



Princesses and Duchesses, wives of the 



Sovereign's sons. 



Granddaughters of the Sovereign. 

 Wives of the Sovereign's grandsons. 

 The Sovereign's sisters. 

 Wives of the Sovereign's brothers. 

 The Sovereign's aunts. 

 Wives of the Sovereign's uncles. 

 The Sovereign's nieces. 

 Duchesses. 



Wives of eldest sons of Royal Dukes. 

 Daughters of Dukes of the Blood Royal. 

 Marchionesses. 



Wives of the eldest sons of Dukes. 

 Daughters of Dukes. 

 Countesses. 



Wives of younger sons of Royal Dukes. 

 Wives of the eldest sons of Marquises. 

 Daughters of Marquises. 

 389 



Wives of the younger sons of Dukes. 



Viscountesses 



Wives of the eldest sons of Earls. 



Daughters of Earls. 



Wives of the younger sons of Marquises. 



Baronesses. 



Wives of the eldest sons of Viscounts. 



Daughters of Viscounts. 



Wives of the younger sons of Earls. 



Wives of the eldest sons of Barons. 



Daughters of Barons. 



Maids of Honour. 



Wivs of Knights of the Garter. 



Wives of Bannerets. 



Wives of the younger sons of Viscounts. 



Wives of the younger sons of Barons. 



Wives of Baronets. 



Wives of Knights Grand Crosses of the 



Order of the Bath. 

 Wives of K.O.C.8.I. 

 Wives of K.G.C. Michael and George. 

 Wives of K.G.C. Order of Indian Empire. 



Wives of Knights Commanders of the Bath. 

 Wives of K.C.S.I. 



Wives of K.C. Michael and George. 

 Wives of K.C. of Order of Indian Empire. 

 Wives of Knights Bachelors. 

 Wives of Companions of the Bath. 

 Wives of Companions of the Star of India. 

 Wives of Cavalieri and Companions of 8t 



Michael and St George. 

 Wives of Companions of the Order of the 



Indian Empire. 

 Wives of Companions of the Distinguished 



Service Order. 



Wives of eldest sons of Peers' younger sons. 

 Daughters of the younger sons of Peers. 

 Wives of the eldest sons of Baronets. 

 Daughters of Baronets. 

 Wives of the eldest sons of Knights. 

 Daughters of Knights. 

 Wives of Vie younger sons of Baronets. 

 Wives of the younger sons of Knight*. 

 Wives of Esquires and Gentlemen. 



