PSEUDONYM 



PSKOV 



471 



periods in history when the acknowledgment 

 of the authorship of certain pamphlets or books 

 might mean death or banishment to the writer. 

 It is common to find books containing attacks 

 on public men, or those consisting of theological 

 controversy, and the literature of satire, appear- 

 ing under assumed names. In recent times young 

 authors especially have frequently risked a new 

 work under a pseudonym, and have kept it up 

 afterwards. Once an author is famous it is found 

 advisable to stick to a pen-name. For instance, 

 every one knew the writings of ' George Eliot,' 

 but few would at once have recognised a work by 

 Mary Ann Evans. The present list is not intended 

 to be exhaustive ; names in occasional use are not 

 .riven, but only those which have been impressed 

 by usage on the mind of the public. Neither have 

 such well-known literary disguises as those adopted 



A K.H.B. ..... Dr A. K. H. Boyd. 



A.L.O.E.( = A Lady Charlotte Maria 



of England) ....... Tucker. 



Adeler, Max ........ Chan. Hcber Clark. 



Alcibiadcs .......... Lord Tennyson in 



Punch, 1S48. 

 Alexander, Mn ...... Mra A. F. Hector. 



Amateur Casual ..... Jas. Greenwood. 



Anstey, F. .......... F. Anstey Guthrie. 



Ape(' Vanity Fair') Carlo Pellegrini. 

 Altai (' World') ____ Edmund Yates. 



Aunt Jvdy .......... Mrs Alfred Oatty. 



fab ................ W. S. Gilbert. 



Bede, Cvthberl ....... Rev. Edw. Bradley. 



Bell, Acton .......... Anne Bronte. 



n Cwrrtr ......... Charlotte Bronte. 



n EUit ........... Emily Jane Bronte. 



Bettina .............. Eliz. von Aniim. 



BiWnphile Jacob ____ Paul Lacroix. 



Bicterstaf, Isaac ---- Dean Swift, and 



Steele in Tatltr. 

 Biglov, Htaea ....... J. Russell Lowell. 



Billing*, Joth ........ Henry W. Shaw. 



Eon VauUitr ........ Sir Theodore Martin 



and W. E. Aytuun. 

 Bo* ................. Chan. I)-ken. 



Breitvtann, Hans.. . .Chan. G. Leland. 



Brown, Mn ......... George Rose. 



Browne, Matthew. . . . W. B. Rands. 



Browne, Pkillii ...... Mrs Hamer. 



Bystander ........... Ooldwin Smith. 



C.3.C. .............. C. 8. Calverley. 



Caballero, Fernan.... Cecilia Bohl von 



Faber. 

 Carmen Sylm ....... Queen of Roumania. 



Carroll, Lewis ....... C. L. Dodgson. 



Cavendiih .......... H. Jones. 



Carton, Pirittratus . .lt Lord Lytton. 

 Chan ............... Amedee de Noe. 



Claribtl ............ Mrs Barnard. 



Conway, Hugh ...... F. J. Fargus. 



Cornwall, Barry ..... B. W. Procter. 



Crayon, Christopher.. J. E. Ritchie. 



H Geoffrey ..... Washington Irving. 

 Crovmill, Alfred .... A. H. Forrester (art- 



ist) and C. R. For- 



restrr (author). 

 Dagonet ............ G. R. Sims. 



IMnbury Newsman..}. M. Bailey. 

 DaMh, Comteae ...... M. de Sainte-Mars. 



Mnrme, Joseph, ..... C. A. Sainte-Beuve. 



Deltoid) ........... D. M. Moir. 



Doit, Mea .......... Mrs Johnstone. 



B.y.B ............... Hon. Mrs Boyle. 



KUa ............... Charles Lamb. 



Eliot, George ........ Mrs Mary Ann Cross 



(me Evans). 

 EUrick Shepherd ..... James Hogg. 



FaMelgh, Frank ____ Francis E. Smedley. 



Farningham, Mari- 

 anne .............. Mary Anne Hearn. 



Fern, Fanny ........ Mrs Sara P. Parton. 



Camtt, Edward ..... Mrs I. Fyvie Mayo. 



Gift, Theo ........... Theodora Boulger. 



Pseildopodla (Gr., ' false feet '), blunt, irregu- 

 lar processes of protoplasm thrown out and drawn 

 in again by amrebfe and some other animals. See 

 AMOEBA, PROTOPLASM, RHIZOPODA. 



Pseudoscope ( Gr. pseudes, ' false,' and skopeo, 

 4 1 see'), an optical instrument through which, by 

 means of an arrangement of prisms, objects are 



by the author of Waverley been repeated here. 

 It may just be noted that for a longer or shorter 

 number of years 'the author of W ami-ley,' 'the 

 author of John Halifax, Gentleman' (Mrs Craik), 

 ' the author of Guy Livingstone' (G. A. Lawrence), 

 ' the author of Grandmother's Money ' ( F. W. 

 Robinson), 'the author of Chronicles of the Schon- 

 berg-Cotta Family' (Mrs Charles), 'the author of 

 Supernatural Religion ' ( unknown ), ' the author of 

 Ecce Homo,' ' The Autocrat of the Breakfast Table,' 

 &c. have been practically used as pen-names. 



For further information, see the article ANONYMOUS ; 

 Weller, Lexicon Pseudonymorum ( 1886 ) ; Gushing, 

 Initials and Pseudonyms (1885), and Anonyms: A 

 Dictionary of Revealed Authorship (2 vols. 1890); 

 Clegg's Dictionary of Second-hand Booksellers, &c. (3d 

 ed. 1891); and Halkett and Laing's Dictionary of 

 Anonymous and Pseudonymous Literature (1881-88 j. 



Opium Enter T. De Quincey. 



Optic, Oliver Win. T. Adams. 



O'Rell, Max Paul Blouet. 



Ouida Louise de la Rame. 



Page, H. A Alex. H. Japp. 



(Sam. G. Goodrich; 

 I W. Martin ; 



r | G. Mogridge; 



lW. Tegg; J.Bennett 



Parley, Peter. 



igg ; J. Bennett. 



Phiz. Hablot K. Browne. 



Pindar, Peter John Wolcot. 



Plymley, Peter Sydney Smith. 



Prout, Father F. S. Mahony. 



o J Douglas Jerrold. 



v I A. T. Quiller Couch. 



Quirinus Dr Dollinger. 



Red Spinner Wm. Senior. 



Rita Mrs D. Humphreys. 



Rob Roy John Macgregor. 



Roving englishman. .K. C. Grenville- 

 Murray. 



S.C.O Rev. Lord Sydney 



Godolphin Os borne. 



Sand, George Madame Dudevant 



{we Dupin). 



ScoK, Leader Mrs Lucy E. Baxter 



(nfe Barnes). 



Scriblerus, Martinus.Svtift, Pope, and 

 Arbuthnot. 



Sealsfleld, Charles. ...K. A. Postel. 



Selkirk, J. B James B. Brown. 



Sharp, Luke Robert Barr. 



Shirley John Skelton. 



Sketchley, Arthur Rev. George Rose. 



Slick, Sam .T. C. Haliburton. 



Spy Leslie Ward. 



Stchedrin M. Soltykoff. 



Stendhal Marie Henri Beyle. 



Stepniak S. M. Krachvinsky. 



Stern, Daniel Countess d'Agoult. 



Stonehenge J. H. Walsh. 



Stretton, Hetba Sarah Smith. 



Surfaceman Alexander Anderson. 



Syntax, Dr Will. Combe. 



Talvj T. A. L. von Jacob- 

 Robinson. 



Taylor, G Professor Hausrath. 



Titcamb, Timothy. . . . J. G. Holland. 



Titmarsh, Michael 

 Angela W. M. Thackeray. 



Twain, Mark Samuel L. Clemens. 



Tytler, Sarah Miss H. Kc'ddie. 



Uncle Remus Joel Chandler Harris. 



Urban, Sylvanus Editor of The Gentle- 

 man's Magazine. 



Vacvus Viator Thomas Hughes. 



Verax H. Dunckley. 



Voltaire Francois Marie 



Arouet. 



Ward, Artemus Chas. F. Browne. 



Warden, Florence.. . .Mrs G. James. 



Wetherell, Elizabeth. .Susan Warner. 



Winter, John StrangeMrs H. E. V. Ston- 

 nard. 



Zadkiel Capt R J. Morri- 

 son, R.N. 



seen with their relief inverted. What is convex 

 appears concave, and a figure in intaglio appears 

 to be cut in relief. It was discovered by Wheat- 

 stone when experimenting on the Stereoscope (q.v.). 



Psittacidic. See PARROT. 



Pskov, a decayed town of European Russia, 

 9 miles SE. of Lake Pskov (50 miles long by 13 



