PUBLIC HEALTH ACTS 



PUEBLOS 



481 



sinners are synonymous, while in the rabbinical 

 literature tax-gatherers appear in a still less 

 favourable light. 



Public Health Acts. See HYGIENE. 

 Public-houses. See INN, LICENSING LAWS. 



Public Lands. See HOMESTEAD, INDIAN 

 TERRITORY, PRE-EMPTION, UNITED STATES. 



Public Prosecutor. See PROSECUTOR. 



Public Schools. The nine great public 

 schools of England are Eton, Harrow, Rugby, 

 Winchester, Westminster, Shrewsbury, Charter- 

 house, St Paul's, and Merchant Taylors'. See the 

 special articles on each, and EDUCATION. 



Public Worship Regulation Act. See 



ECCLESIASTICAL COURTS. 



Pnccinotti, FRANCESCO, author of the Stona 

 delta Medicina and of other works which give him 

 a high place in medical literature, was born at 

 Urbino in 1794, and, thanks to the Scolopian 

 Fathers, was already an accomplished classical 

 scholar when in 1811 he repaired to Pavia for a 

 thorough course of mathematics, physics, and 

 natural science, in which metaphysics, ethics, and 

 civil history were not neglected. From thoe 

 studies he passed on to that of medicine at the 

 Roman University, and graduated with much dis- 

 tinction in 1816. The local malaria tirst engaged 

 hia attention. A work ardently opposing the pre- 

 valent Brunonian doctrine, and advocating a return 

 to the rational medicine of Hippocrates, produced 

 a salutary effect on his contemporaries, and was 

 followed up by his able treatises on Pernicious 

 Fever (1821) and on Inductive Pathology (1828). 

 Academic honours now fell thick on him, and he 

 passed from one medical chair to another, till, com- 

 promised in the patriotic movement of 1831, he 

 was deposed from the professorship of Pathology in 

 the university of Macerata. Excluded from aca- 

 demic, he redoubled his literary activity, which 

 bore fruit in his still classic treatises on medical 

 jurisprudence and on nervous maladies. In 1835- 

 37 he made a special study of the cholera epidemic 

 at Leghorn, at the same time giving to the world 

 his masterly translation of Aretirns. In 1838 the 

 Tuscan Archduke appointed him professor of 

 Medical Jurisprudence in Pisa University, and 

 there he published his Lezioni Speziaii sui Mali 

 Nervogi, his work on the ('./,,,/, and on the 

 maladies induced by the rice-culture (Risaie), 

 and, above all, his masterpiece, the Storia delta 

 Medicina, in three volumes, representing the lalxjur 

 of twenty years. He died, 8th Octoljer 1872, in 

 Florence, and, by special decree of the municipality, 

 was buried in the ' Westminster Abbey of Tuscany,' 

 the church of Santa Croce. 



Puck, or ROBIN GOODFELLOW, a familiar figure 

 in the fairy-world of old English folklore, im- 

 mortalised by Shakespeare in the Midsummer 

 Night's Dream. His characterisation here keeps 

 close to popular tradition in the merry tricks and 

 mischievousness attributed to him. The name is 

 really a generic term for a fairy, and we recognise 

 it further in the Icelandic />?</. t, the Irish pooca, the 

 Welsh piacca, even the Cornish pixie, and the Puk 

 and Niss Puk of the Frisians and Danes. The 

 Pucks occasionally perform kindly domestic func- 

 tion.-., are small and dwarf-like in appearance, 

 attach themselves to particular households, and 

 are easily propitiated by offerings of cream and 

 kindly names like the Irish 'good people,' the 

 Scotch 'good neighbour!. ' They may assume the 

 form of a horse, a hound, or the like, and are 

 even confounded with such dancing lights as the 

 Will-o'-the-Wisp or Jack o' Lanthorn. Obvious 

 analogies suggest themselves with the Silesian 

 395 



Rubezahl, the Scotch Brownie, the Norse Troll, 

 whose more malignant aspects connect them with 

 the wider world of Demonology (q.v. ). Robin 

 Goodfellow once filled a prominent place in the 

 popular imagination we meet him at full length 

 in the 1628 black-letter tract, Robin Goodfellow ; 

 his mad pranks, and merry Jestes, full of honest 

 mirth, and is a fit medicine for melancholy ( repr. 

 in Halliwell). Henslowe's Diary tells us that 

 Chottle wrote a drama on his adventures ; we find 

 him again in Drayton's Nymphidia, Burton's 

 Anatomy of Melancholy, Ben Jonson's Masque of 

 Love Restored. As Lob, Hobgoblin, and the 

 Lubber-fiend also the allusions to him in our earlier 

 literature are endless. The name Puck was taken 

 for its title by the well-known New York counter- 

 part to Punch. 



See J. O. Halliwell's niustrationi of the Fairy Mytho- 

 logy of A Midsummer Night I Dream (Shakesp. Soo. 

 1845); \V. J. Thome's Three Notelets on Shakespeare 

 (1865) ; and W. C. Hazlitt's Fairy Tales, ,kc., ttlustratimj 

 Shakespeare and other Eivitixh Writers ( 1875 ). 



Pud, or Poop, a Russian weight which contains 

 36 Ib. avoirdupois (40 Ib. Russian). 



Pudding-stone. See CONGLOMERATE. 



Pudllkota. See INDIA, p. 110. 



1'nclila. the third city of Mexico, capital of a 

 state of the same name, stands on a fruitful plain, 

 7120 feet above sea-level, and 68 miles (by rail 

 116) SE. of the city of Mexico. In the vicinity 

 are Orizaba, Popocatepetl, and other lofty moun- 

 tains. It was founded in 1531, and is one of the 

 handsomest towns in the republic, with broad, 

 straight, clean streets ; many of the houses, which 

 are generally three stories high, have quaint fronts 

 of red and white tile-work. The city contains 

 nearly fifty churches, theological, medical, art, and 

 normal schools, a museum of antiquities which 

 dates from 1728, two large libraries, a number of 

 hospitals, &c. On the great square stands the 

 cathedral, a Doric building with two towers, the 

 interior of which is decorated in the most sumptu- 

 ous manner with ornaments of gold and silver, 

 paintings, statues, &c. Puebla has a thriving 

 trade, and an air of cheerful activity, not common 

 in Mexico, pervades the place. In 1889 there were 

 twenty-two factories ; the chief articles produced 

 are cottons, paper, iron, glass, porcelain, leather. 

 Pop. (1895) 91,917. Puebla was besieged for two 

 months by the French, and then taken by storm, 

 17th May 1863. 



Plieblo, capital of Pueblo county, Colorado, 

 on the Arkansas River, at the mouth of Fountain 

 Creek, 117 miles by rail S. by E. of Denver. 

 Through its iron and steel industry it has rapidly 

 become the second city of the state and an im- 

 portant railway centre ; immense quantities of raw 

 materials and fuel abound in the vicinity. The 

 principal establishments are those of the Colorado 

 Coal and Iron Company, which include two blast- 

 furnaces, steel-works, a rail-factory, bar- and nail- 

 mills, and a pipe-foundry. In 1890 a Mineral 

 Palace was erected to hold a permanent exhibit of 

 Colorado's mineral productions from stone and 

 coal to pure gold valued at almost $1,000,000. 

 Pop. (1880) 3217 ; (1890) 24,558; (1900) 28,157. 



Pueblos (Span, pueblo, 'village'), a serr.i- 

 civilised family of American Indians in New 

 Mexico and Arizona, dwelling in large single 

 habitations, which are sometimes capacious enough 

 to contain a whole trite. These edifices which 

 are often five or six stories high, and from 130 

 to 433 yards long, with many rooms (53 to 124) on 

 each floor are commonly constructed of adobe or 

 sun-dried brick ; the ground-floor is invariably 

 without doors or windows, entrance being effected 

 by a ladder leading to the second story ; and 



