PUSEY 



PUTEAUX 



499 



the Church, greatly occupied Pusey's mind. His 

 evidence before the commission, his remarkable 

 pamphlet on the comparative advantages of Col- 

 legiate and Professorial Teaching and Discipline, 

 and his assiduous work on the Hebdomadal 

 Council for many years are proofs of the interest 

 that lie took in the welfare of his university, and 

 of the importance that he attached to a close 

 connection l>et\veen education and religion. 



From 1860 onwards the tide had turned. The 

 teaching for which the Tractarians had laboured 

 and suffered was at that time beginning to be 

 recognised, and those disciples of the Oxford move- 

 ment who had survived the shock of the events of 

 the last twenty years were spreading its principles 

 throughout the country. But the fruits of the 

 intolerance and persecution of which Oxford had 

 been the scene were also ripening in the form 

 of the spread of religious indifference, based on 

 Rationalistic views of revelation. This was the 

 enemy which from the first Pusey had dreaded. 

 He had at least the satisfaction of knowing that, 

 as a result of the movement in which lie had taken 

 so prominent a part, the inner life of the English 

 Church was far better able to bear the onset of 

 such a foe, and to estimate the moral and spiritual 

 ravages which it would make, than was the 

 Lutheran Inxly of the 18th century, or even the 

 Church of England in 1830. Against such teach- 

 ing he contended for the rest of his life. All his 

 later sermons before the university and most of 

 his later books deal with it. It was with this 

 purpose that he prosecuted Professor Jowett for 

 his statements in his commentary on St Paul's 

 Epistles, ami that he took so prominent a 

 part in the later controversy about the Athan- 

 asian Creed. His chief works in this connec- 

 tion are the Lectures on the Book of Daniel, and 

 What it of Faith as to Everlasting Punishment? 

 The former, delivered in 1863, vigorously attack 

 those writers who would assign to the Book of 

 Daniel a date as late as the 2d century B.C. Apart 

 from the marks which the lectures bear of the 

 heated controversy of the time when they were 

 delivered, they are a monument of the author's 

 intellectual power, wide reading, and solid learning. 

 The other book is against the denial of everlastiiig 

 punishment : its sobriety and fullness, the famil- 

 iarity which it shows with all the issues raised in 

 the controversy, its deep religious feeling, its calm 

 and calming tone make it one of the most remark- 

 able of Pnsey's works. Of a kindred character, 

 although in a different field, are the last two 

 university sermons which he wrote on the rela- 

 tion of science to faith and on the nature of 

 prophecy. 



Two other works must be noticed. Pusey in- 

 herited from his predecessor in the Hebrew chair 

 the task of completing A Catalogue of the Arabic 

 Maniucri/its in the Bodleian Library (1835). It 

 was a most toilsome duty, and occupied his time 

 for six years. Pusey's Commentary on the Minor 

 Prophets ( 1860-77 ) was his contribution to a com- 

 mentary on the whole Bible which he had in his 

 mind for many years, and on which he enlisted 

 the lalHiurs of Keble and many others. I'uscy 

 alone completed his task ; death, advancing years, 

 or tlie claims of other duties prevented the others 

 from contributing their share. 



In private life Pusey was a man of warm 

 affection, and widely known for his gentleness, 

 sincerity, and humility. He rarely went into 

 society in early life ; at first he withdrew from it 

 for purposes of study and to save more money to 

 give to the poor, but from the time of his wife's 

 death in 1H39 he avoided all social amusements. 

 But he was always accessible to any one who 

 wished his advice on religious questions ; in fact, 



he was constantly sought as a spiritual guide by 

 persons of every station. His charity was bounded 

 only by his income ; besides abundant gifts to poor 

 people, he spent large sums of money in helping to 

 provide churches in East London, in building St 

 Saviour's, Leeds, and in founding and supporting 

 sisterhoods. His capacity for study and for literary 

 work was immense. He worked only at what it 

 was his duty to study, but within that line he 

 spared neither time nor pains in thoroughly master- 

 ing every detail. His power of keeping his main 

 object before his mind without being confused by 

 its details, and of grouping the details in their due 

 position, can be seen in almost any of his works. 

 Opponents of all schools gave him the credit of 

 being confused ; but an occasional confusion in his 

 manner of expressing his thoughts did not prevent 

 him from knowing his own mind with singular 

 clearness. He died on 16th September 1882. 



The Life of Pnsey by Canon Liddon, left unfinished 

 at his death, was completed by the present writer and 

 the Rev. R. J. Wilson, the Canon's literary executors 

 (5 vols. 1893-99). 



Pushkin, ALEXANDER SERGEIEVICH, was bom 

 at Moscow, 26th May 1799, and educated at 

 Tsarskoe Selo. In 1817 he entered the service of 

 the government, but on account of his liberal 

 opinions was for some time transferred to Bessarabia. 

 In 1820 he published a romantic poem, Ruslan and 

 Liudmila. Next came his Prisoner of the Cau- 

 casus ( 1822), his Fountain of Bakhchiserai (1826), 

 Tzigani I ' The Gypsies,' 1827), and Eugene Onegin 

 ( 1828 ; Eng. trans. 1881 ), a clever novel in verse 

 somewhat after the style of Byron's Reppo. In 

 1829 he published Poltava, which has Mazeppa for 

 its hero. About the same time he wrote his fine 

 tragedy Boris Godunov. Besides these works of 

 considerable length, he was the author of many 

 graceful lyricalpoems, deservedly popular through- 

 out Russia. He also left some prose writings, 

 consisting of a History of the Revolt of Pugachev 

 (in the reign of Catharine), several tales, and 

 miscellaneous essays. He was appointed Russian 

 historiographer with a pension of 6000 roubles. 

 He was mortally wounded in a duel, and expired 

 at St Petersburg, January 29 (February 10) 1837. 

 Pushkin is considered the greatest poet whom 

 Russia has yet produced. His writings show ver- 

 satility, a powerful imagination with vigour of 

 expression. In his Eugene Onegin, a Don- 

 Juanesque poem, he is both humorous and 

 pathetic, and many of his smaller pieces display 

 wonderful elegance and finish. 



The last-named poem was translated into English verse 

 by Spalding ( 1881 ) ; the Daughter of the Commandant 

 was translated in 1891 ; and a translation of the Poems, 

 with introduction and notes by Ivan Panin, appeared at 

 New York in 1889. Pushkin's name is also spelt Poushkin 

 and Pouchekin. See the section on the literature under 

 RUSSIA, and works there cited. 



I'lislltll. or PUKHTU, the language of the 

 Afghans proper (see AFGHANISTAN), is, according 

 to Darmesteter, not intermediate between the 

 Iranic and Indie branches of the Aryan stock, but 

 is directly derived from the Zend, with Persian, 

 Hindustani, and Arabic admixture. See Trumpp's 

 PasIM Grammar (1873), Strangford's Letters and 

 Papers ( 1878>, and Darmesteter's Chants Populaires 

 des Afghans (1890). 



Pustule, a circumscribed elevation of the 

 cuticle, containing pus : in fact, a small abscess in 

 the skin. Pustules occur in many skin diseases- 

 eczema, acne, scabies, ecthyma, boils, &c. ; also 

 very prominently in smallpox. For Malignant 

 Pustule, see ANTHRAX. 



Plltcanx, a town 2 miles from the western 

 lionndary of Paris, on the left bank of the Seine, 



