.102 



PYAT 



at Lyons, where it formerly had a |>eimanent home ; 

 and -iniil.-ir testimony might lie quoted front every 

 quarter and ty nv extent. Tin- MM- of anti-cptii-., 

 adopted early and followed out intelligently, may 

 be said to nave alndished the risk of ]uiruleiit 

 infection in wounds fnini operation or injury. 



K\< M when the disease has shown it-elt. the use 

 of antiseptics (perchloride mid oilier salts of mer- 

 oiiry. carbolic acid, boracic acid, boroglvceride, 

 iodoforni, thymol, eucalyptol, &c. ) should lie re- 

 sorted to locally. The bowels, skin, and kidnc\ .. 

 may be acted on by suitable purgative*, diapho- 

 retics, and diuretics, with a view to the elimination 

 of the poison ; but the patient must tie carefully 

 watched for signs of depression, which must be 

 cornliated with opium and stimnlants, both of 

 which should be gjven in small and frequently 

 repeated doses. Quinine in moderately large doses 

 is very serviceable throughout the whole course of 

 such a case ; larger duxes may occasionally be given 

 to reduce excessively high temperatures, though 

 antipyretics in general must l>e used with extreme 

 caution. Various antiseptic drugs have been re- 

 commended for internal use, such as salicylic acid 

 and the salicylates, the hyposulphite of sodium, 

 and the hyposulphites generally. This treatment. 

 combined with the most assiduous nursing ami 

 generous dieting, and the appropriate surgical 

 management of such secondary abscesses as form, 

 will sometimes prove successful. 



Pyat. FKI.IX, a French journalist and com- 

 munist, liorn at Vierzon (dept. Cher), on 4th Octo- 

 ber 1810, studied law and in 1831 was admitted 

 to the bar, but chiefly wrote articles, feuilletnns, 

 and plays, often with strong political allusions. 

 He signed Ledni-Kollin'H appeal to the masses 

 to arm in 1849, and, the attempt having failed, 

 escaped to Switzerland. After that he found refuge 

 in Belgium and England, and was a meml>er of the 

 'European revolutionary committee.' Returning 

 to France on amnesty in 1870, he made himself a 

 leader of the Paris communists and took a foremost 

 part in the destruction of the Vendome Column ; on 

 the fall of the Commune he escaped to London. He 

 was tried and condemned to death, in absence, in 

 1873, for his share in the misdeeds of the Communal 

 Government, but was pardoned in 1880. Marseilles 

 chose him one of her deputies in 1888. He died 

 5th August 1889 at St (iraii.-n. 



PycnogOlliflH'. a very remarkable group of 

 Arthropod animals, perhaps intermediate between 

 Crustaceans and Arachnids. The body consists of 

 a fused cephalotlioracie region, three free thoracic 

 segments, and a rudimentary alxlomen. The head 

 usually bears a tubular prolioscis, a pair of man 

 dililes, H pair of slender palps, and a pair of egg- 

 carrying legs; but manalbUi ami palps may \- 

 absent, ana the egg-carrying \<"j* are ^omeiimc- 

 restricted to the males. Be- 

 sides these there are four pairs 

 of clawed limbs, into whirh 

 prolongations of the cut ex- 

 tend. There is a dorsal heart ; 

 respiration is elleetcd through 

 the skin. The males usually 

 carry the eggs. There is a 

 metamorphosis in develop- 

 ment. The. pycnogonida- are 

 sometimes called ' sea-spiilers' 

 and also I'antopoda. They 

 are all marine, and some (if 

 Pycnogonnm littonle. them live among alga-, or are 

 to be found under stones on 



the beach, whilst others are dredged from deep 

 water. They seem to feed by sucking other 

 animals. See Iloek, Challenger Keport (iii. 1880) ; 

 and Dohrn, Fauna d. Golfet v. Ntnpel (iv. 1881 ). 



PYM 



Pve, HENRY .IAMKS, poet laureate, was born in 

 London, 10th July 171"'. and educated at Magdalen 

 College, Oxford, in 1772 In-ing made a D.C.C He 

 held a commission in the Beruhin militia, in 1784 

 was elected member for that county, in 1790 suc- 

 ceeded Warton as laureate, and in 1792 was ap- 

 pointed a London police magistrate. He died at 

 Pinner, near Harrow, |3th August 1813. The 

 works of ' poi-t ieal Pye ' (in Scott's phrase), who, aa 

 the editor of Byron's Vision of Judgment remarked, 

 was 'eminently respectable in everything but his 

 poetry,' are nearly twenty in number, and include 

 Alfred (1801 ), besides birthday and new-year odes. 



Pygmalion, grandson of the king of Cyprus. 

 in love with an ivory statue of a maiden he had 

 made, prayed to Aphrodite to give it life ; and. his 

 prayer being granted, married the maiden. Then- 

 is no classical authority for calling her Galatea. 

 In his 1'ygmalion and Galatea \V. S. Gilbert fol- 

 lowed a German play. 



Pygmies. See DWARF ; Quatrefages, Let 

 Pygmfes ( 1887 ) ; and for the two types of pygmies 

 whom Stanley saw in the Central African forest, 

 see In Darkest Africa. (1890), and Burrows, In the 

 Land of the Pigmies ( 1889). 



Pylades. See ORESTES. 



I'yill. JOHN, was l>orn of a good old Somerset- 

 shire stock at Bmnore, near Bridgwater, in 1584. 

 He entered Broadgates Hall (now Pembroke Col- 

 lege), Oxford, in 1599, as a gentleman-commoner, 

 but left in 1602 without taking a degree, and then 

 probably studied law at one of the Inns of Court. 

 He married in 1014, but in 1620 was left a widower 

 with five young children, and next year was first 

 returned to parliament bv Talne. This seat he 

 exchanged in 1625 for lavistock. He at once 

 attached himself to the Country party, and pro- 

 ceeded to war against monopolies, papistry, the 

 Spanish match, and absolutism with a vigour that 

 brought him three months' durance. He was one 

 of the members who presented a petition to James 

 I. at Newmarket, when ' Chairs ! cried the king, 

 'chairs ! here l>e twal kynges comin' ! ' and in 1626, 

 the year after the accession of Charles I., he took a 

 prominent part in the impeachment of the Duke 

 of Buckingham. In the parliament of 102N he 

 stood second only to Sir John Kliot. whom he ably 

 supported in the debate on the Petition of Right. 

 but whom he opposed in the matter of tonnage and 

 poundage, deeming the privileges of parliament 

 inferior to the lilierties of the kingdom. In the 

 Short Parliament (1040), when, in Clarendon's 

 words, ' men gazed on each other, looking who 

 should liegin, much the greater part having never 

 sat before,' Pym on 17th April ' brake the ice by 

 a two hours' discourse, in which he Hummed up 

 shortly and sharply all that most reflected upon 

 the prudence and justice of the government, tnat 

 they might see how much work they had to do to 

 satisfy their country.' And lastly, in the Long 

 Parliament, having meanwhile joined hands with 

 the Scots, and ridden with Ilamtideii through Kng- 

 land, urging the voters to their duty, Pym on 1 lib 

 Novemlwr named Strallord, twelve years earlier 

 his friend and ally, as the 'principal author and 

 promoter of all those counsels which had exposed 

 the kingdom to so much ruin.' In the impeach- 

 ment of Stratford which followed, resulting in his 

 execution under a bill of attainder. Pym took the 

 leading part ; and Pym's is the chief credit of this 

 masterstroke of policy, which deprived the king of 

 the one man of resolute temper and powerful genius 

 who supported his cause. In the proceeding* 

 against Laud Pym was also conspicuous, as in the 

 carrying of the Grand Remonstrance and in every 

 other crisis of moment up to the time when war 

 became inevitable ; he was the one of the ' Five 



