QUIBERON 



QDILIMANE 



by E. U. (1641); Uiueon, Uu Witty Spaniard, by 

 J. Daviot (Ui57l: and the well-known lively version of 

 the t'uiotu bv Sir R L'Kstrange (1G67). Captain .Mm 

 Stevens in 11597 produced a good translation from the 

 original of Fortune eon Se*o ; and of the Vida del Btuean 

 and some shrU>r pieeei in 1707; and his translations, 

 together with L'Ertrange's Vision*, were published in :t 

 Tola, at Edinburgh in 1798 as Qurvrdo's Worts. The best 

 French translation of the Vidndtl Huseon is one by D'llcr- 

 milly under the title of the fin Natou ( 1776), edited and 

 by no means improved by rU-tif de la Bretonne. That by 

 M. Uermond de Lavigne is unfaithiuL Led away by an 

 absurd theory that Quevedo wrote the story when he 

 was only fiftc.-n. he has taingiered with the text to make 

 it suit his preposterous chronology. Under the title of 

 Voyage* rferfatif* de Querrdo four of the Visions were 

 very freely rendered by the Abbe Berand in 1756. In 1648 

 Hans MottheroMh gave a still more free German version 

 under the title of WunderlifJu Oaithte Philander'* von 

 raid : and in 1841 Dr Guttenstein treated the Btuean 

 in much the same fashion in Der UlUeicsritter. An Italian 

 translation of the novel by O. P. Franco appeared in 



Mi 



Qlliheron, a small fishing-town of France 

 (dept Morbihan), at the extremity of a long 

 narrow peninsula, '21 miles S\V. of \*annes. Pop. 

 1036. It was here that a body of French emigrant 

 royalists landed from an English fleet in 1795, and 

 endeavoured to rouse the people of Brittany and La 

 Vendee against the Convention, but were defeated 

 and driven into the sea by General Hoche. Nearly 

 all the prisoners taken were shot by onler of the 

 Convention. On 20th November 1759 Hawke com- 

 pletely defeated a French fleet under Admiral 

 Conflnns in Quilttron Way. 



QllirlillH. the language of the Indians of Peru 

 (q-v.). 



Quirk. ROBERT HEBERT, was born in 1832, 

 had his education at private schools and at Harrow, 

 whence he passed to Trinity College, Cambridge. 

 He took orders, held curacies in \V hitechapel and 

 Marylebone, and was appointed by his college to the 

 vicarage of Sedbergh in I8S3, but four years later 

 resigned the living. He had an intense love of 

 children, and the great interest of his life was 

 education. To the discussion of its theories he 

 brought wide study, independent thought, and 

 ripe wisdom ; witness his bright and delightful 

 Essays on Kiliiriilinnnl /.'<;/'/; /* (1808; 2d ed. 

 1890). His practical knowledge of the work of 

 teaching be hod gained by service at Cranleigh, 

 Harrow, and elsewhere. He died at Cambridge, 

 <>tli March 1891. 



Quickens. See COUCH-GRASS. 



Quicksand (</'"</, -i.e. 'living' or 'moving,' 

 and n'liul], in its usual significance, a tract of sand 

 which, without differing much in appearance from 

 the shore of which it forms part, remains perman- 

 ently saturated with water to such an extent that 

 it cannot support any weight. Quicksands are 

 most often found near the mouths of large rivers. 

 They ap|>ear onlv to be funned on Hat shores, the 

 substrat um of which is an irregular expanse of stiff 

 clay or other ini|>ervious formation. Pools of water 

 are retained in the hollows, and become partially 

 tilled with sand or mud. which remains like the soft 

 sediment in a cup of cocoa on account of thealwence 

 of drainage. The. -and on a uniform shelving shore 

 consolidates at low tide ItecaiiKc the water which 

 permeates it drains back freely to the sen. In 

 narrow channels through which the configuration 

 of the adjoining shore causes strong tidal currents 

 to run the sand may lie kept so constantly stirred 

 up by the moving water that a quicksand results. 

 Tims, while the summit of a sandbank rising 

 from a gentle -lope is usually firm, the hollow 

 margin of the bank where it meets the shore is 

 frequently a quicksand. Quicksands are not com- 

 monly of great extent, ami their danger has prob- 



ably been exaggerated in the popular mind by sen- 

 sational descriptions in works of fiction e.g. in 

 the Bride of Lammermoor and \Vilkie Collin-'s 

 Moonstone. Persons sink in a quicksand exactly 

 as in water, only more slowly ; and it U probable 

 that if the victim did not struggle he would not 

 sink over the head, as experiment* show that water 

 containing a quantity of solid matter in suspension 

 ha- its floating power increased. It is a common 

 belief amongst sailors that if a vessel is stranded 

 on a quicksand it is inevitably sucked down. This 

 cannot be the case unless the vessel springs a leak, 

 or heels over sufficiently to let the semi liquid Hand 

 enter. The idea may* have taken rise from the 

 popular association of quicksands with whirlpools, 

 or from the fate of small vessels stranded at low 

 tide on a stiff bank of clay which held them fast 

 and allowed the rising tide to submerge them. 



The name quicksand is sometimes applied, especi- 

 ally by old writers, to the drifting sands which are 

 carried by wind over cultivated land bordering the 

 seashore or a desert. See DOWNS, DRIFT, DUNES. 



Quicksilver. See MERCURY. 



Quietism, a name given to a tendency shown 

 at various periods in the history of the church by 

 many classes of mystical religious enthusiasts, of 

 widely different beliefs, to make perfection on 

 earth consist in a condition of uninterrupted con- 

 templation. In this state of quiet the soul ceases 

 to reason, to reflect either on itself or God, or to 

 form any of the ordinary acts of faith, its sole func- 

 tion lieing passively to receive the infused heavenly 

 light which accompanies this state of inactive con- 

 templation. The first of modern Quietists was the 

 Spanish priest Molinos ; it- most famous devotee, 

 Madame Guyon, whose gentle but powerful in- 

 fluence led into the same mode of thought the 

 saintly Fenelon. Quietism has l>een called the 

 Spanish analogue of Quakerism in England, <if 

 Jansenism in France, of Pietism in Germany ; but 

 these several systems, though they had common 

 tendencies, were also sharply distinguished. It 

 may be said that Quietism involves but little of 

 practical consequence, whether for good or for evil. 

 This may ami does hold true in the case of noble 

 and lofty souls like Fenelon ; but what moved 

 Bossuet and the church generally to strong oppo- 

 sition was the l>e!icf that, carried to its logical con- 

 clusion. Quietism led to Antinoniianism, and would 

 inevitably prove pernicious in its effect* upon the 

 vulgar crowd of followers. From the belief of the 

 lofty and perfect nature of the purely passive state 

 of contemplation there is, it was held, nut a single 

 step to the fatal principle in morals, that in this 

 sublime state of contemplation all external things 

 become indifferent to the soul, which is thus absorlied 

 in Cod ; that good works, the sacraments, prayer. 

 are not necessary, and hardly even compatible with 

 the repose of tlie soul; that so complete is the 

 self absorption, so independent is the soul of cor- 

 poreal sense, that even criminal representations 

 and movement* of the sensitive part of the soul, 

 and even the external actions of th<; l>ody, fail to 

 affect the contemplating soul, or to impress it with 

 their debasing influence. S.- IJosst KT, KKNKLON, 

 CfVoN. MIII.INOS; also Hep|>e, l.'rm-liicfitc I/IT 

 Quietittisclii-n Mi/xti/, m <lrr Kntlml. Kirrlie (1875). 



Qiii&ricli. See Kit. LAN (Sri. 



Qllilimane. a seaport of East Africa, in the 



Portuguese territory ot Mozambique, stands about 

 15 miles from tlie mouth of the river of the same 

 name, the northern arm of the Zamltesi delta. The 

 town occupies an unhealthy site, but impoits 

 cottons, lii-Mil-. hardware, arms, coal, spirits and 

 food-stuffs to the annual value of 80,000, and 

 exports ivory, ground-nuts, india-rubber, wax, 

 copal, and oil-seeds to a value that ranges lietweeo 



