QUINOA 



QUINTILIAN 



Ollinoa (CHenopodiinn QuiHfxi), a valuable 

 food plant, a native of Chili and the high table 

 luiiil <il" Mexico, which much resembles Home of the 

 British species of CbMOpodluin (q.v.). In the 

 countries ill whirh it is indigenous it is mnrli 

 cultivated for its swds, which form a prinri|uil 

 food of the inhabitants. The meal nuule from 

 Mime varieties of the iteeil him a somewhat jieculiar 

 llnvour, but it is very nutrition* ami is made into 

 a kind of porridge and cakes. The plant is some- 

 time- cultivated in Briti-h gardens for i ts leaves, 

 which are a good substitute for spinach. 



Qllilioline, a pungent colourless liquid obtained 

 by the di-tilhitiun of liones, coal-tar, and various 

 alkaloids. It is the base of many organic bodies, 

 and i.- isomeric with Leucol (q.v.). 



QlliliqililKesiina ( Lat., 'fiftieth'), the Sunday 

 immediately preceding Ash-Wednesday. The 

 common explanation of the name HiiinquageHima, 

 and of Sexagesima and Septiiagesima, the two pre- 

 ceding Sundays, in that i he Sundays are, roughly 

 shaking, about fifty, sixty, and seventy days 

 respectively before Easter. Quinquagesima, indeed, 

 ix exactly fifty days before the Octave of Easter 

 i.e. Low Sunday (q.v.). Hut probably the terms 

 were adopted without any intention of expressing 

 definite numbers, and simply on a false analogy 

 with Quadragesima, the Latin name of Lent. 



QlliliqiU'reines, vessels with live banks of 

 oars, however arranged (see TRIREME), may be 

 regarded as the first-rates of the ancient navies. 



((llilisy (originally s/ininnii'-ii ; Fr. esquinancie ; 

 from t;r. ki/iutHchi), known also as Cynanclie 

 Totuillarit and Tiinsillitix, or as ' inllammatoi y 

 sore throat,' is an inflammatory affection of the sub*- 

 stance of the tonsils, attended when fully de\ eloped 

 by suppuration (see PALATE). The inflammation 

 is seldom limited to these glands, but extends to 

 the uvula, the soft palate, ami the pharynx. The 

 disease usually manifests itself by dilliculty in 

 swallowing, and a sense of heat and discomfort in 

 the throat, often amounting to considerable pain. 

 On examination the throat at first exhibits un- 

 natural redness, with enlargement of one or both 

 tonsils. The uvula is enlarged and elongated, 

 ii- end either dropping down into the pharynx, 

 and, by exciting the sensation of a foreign l>ody, 

 giving rise to much irritation, or else adhering 

 to one of the tonsils. The tongue is usually furred, 

 and the pulse rapid, and there are the ordinary 

 symptoms of that form of constitutional disturbance 

 known as inflammatory fever. The inflammation 

 terminates either in resolution (if the attack is not 

 severe, and yields readily to treatment ) or in sup- 

 puration, which may lie detected by the occurrence 

 of slight rigors, ami by the increased softness of the 

 enlarged tonsil. The matter which is discharged 

 has sometimes a very fetid smell, ami the fetor 

 may be the first indication of the rupture. The 

 pain almost entirely ceases with the discharge of 

 matter, and recovery is then rapid. The disease 

 usually runs a course of from three to seven days ; 

 hut it may ! prolonged if, ax sometimes happens, 

 the two sides are successively affected. It almost 

 invariably terminates favourably. It is most 

 common MtWMO the a^es of fifteen and twenty 

 five. The ordinary exciting cause of this disease 

 is exposure to cold, es|iecially when the )KM|\ is 

 warm and |>erspiring ; and certain persons (or 

 even families) are so subject to it that slight 

 exposure is almost sure to induce it. 



The patient should remain in the house (or, in 

 cold went her. even in lied ), anil should lie Kept on 

 low, non stimulating diet. According to Sir 

 Morcll Mackenzie, the IM-S! treatment at. the cum 

 meneemeni of the attack consists in the adminis 

 tration of gtuiiacum. He gives it in the form of 



lozenges, each containing three grains, and one to 

 lie sucked every two hours, and states that by this 

 means the disease may generally IK- averted. 

 Making soda (bicarbonate of soda) applied to the 

 affected part on the tip of the forefinger every hour 

 or half-hour often has the same effect. In more 

 severe cases the patient may gargle frequently 

 with hot water, or may inhale the vapour of l>oil 

 ing water, and apply hot poultices or fomentations 

 to the side of the neck. Blistering and leeching 

 will sometimes give relief, but if suppuration is 

 once established they do harm rather than good. 

 If the tonsils are very much enlarged they should 

 he pricked with a lancet to let out the pus. 



4)llillt;iin was an instrument used in the 

 ancient practice of tilting on horseback with the 

 lance. It consisted of an upright post, surmounted 

 by a cross-bar turning on a pivot, which had at one 

 end a flat hoard, at the other a bag of sand. The 

 object of the tilter was to strike the board at such 

 speeil that he would lie well past before the bag of 

 sand, as it whirled round, could hit him on the 

 Itack. At Oll'ham in Kent, 7 miles \VN\V. of 

 \lai. 1st one. there are the remains of an old quintain; 

 and at the May games held at St Mary Cray in 

 Kent, near Bromley, in 1891 the quintain was 'also 

 revived. 



Qllilltfll. a French weight corresponding to the 

 English ' hundredweight,' was equal t< 1(10 pounds 

 (livres) ; on the introduction of the metrical system 

 the same name was employed to designate a weight 

 of 100 kilogrammes (see GRAMME). The metrical 

 quintal, equivalent to 220 ll>. avoirdupois, is thus 

 more than twice as heavy as the old one. 



QllintailO. MANTEL JOSE, whose patriotic odes 

 obtained for him the surname of the ' Spanish 

 Tyrtii-us,' was born at Madrid, llth April 1772, 

 studied at Salamanca, and established himself as 

 an advocate in his native city, where his house 

 became a resort of the advanced liberals of the 

 time. Besides his Spanish Plutarch ( I'tYftu tie lot 

 Espaiioles Celebrex, 1807-34), a work which is 

 reckoned one of the finest Spanish classics, he 

 published one or two tragedies, and an excellent 

 selection of Castilian poetry. On the restoration 

 of Ferdinand VII. in 1814 Quintana's lilieralism 

 caused his imprisonment for six years ; but he 

 ultimately forsook the liberal cause, held office, 

 and died llth March 1857. 



QllintCtt* a musical composition for five solo 

 voices, or for five instruments, each of which is 

 oUiqato. (Juintetts for strings have lieen written 

 by lioccherini, Beethoven, Mendelssohn, Schuliert, 

 Onslow. \c. ; for other combinations of instru- 

 ments, generally including the pianoforte, by 

 Mozart, Schuliert, Schumann, Brahms, and Raff. 

 Of vocal qiiintetts one of the most notable is that 

 in Wagner's Meistersinger. 



Qllilltiliail. M. Fahins (.Imntilmnus was 

 liorn alwmt ,'i"> A.D. at Cala^iinis (Culnhorra), in 

 Spain, nnd attended in Kome the prelections of 

 |)omitins Afer, who died in ,1!l. After this date, 

 however, he revisited Spain, whence he returned 

 in 6S to Home, in the train of Galha, ami Ke^an 

 to practise as a pleader in the courts, in which 

 capacity his reputation became considerable. He 

 was more distinguished, however, as a teacher 

 than as a practitioner of the oratorical art, and 

 his instructions came to lie the most eagerly 

 sought after among all his eontemporaiies, ],,., 

 pupils including Pliny the Younger and the two 

 grandnephewH of Domitian. As a mark of this 

 emjicriirs favour he was invested with the 

 insignia and title of consul ; while he also holds 

 the distinction of being the first public teacher 

 who benefited liy dip endowment of Vespasian, 

 and received a fixed salary from the Imperial 



