RABAT 



H AUDIT 



was called to the archbishopric of Mainz. The 

 i-lin-f event of In- r.-i^n was his severity against 

 Uie too logical monk GottM-halk for UsviBWI on 

 predestination. He died in *.">>. His writings 

 show erudition but little originality. Tlirv include 

 < oinmeutaries on the Old iMUMat, St Matthew, 

 ami St Paul's Epistles, homilies, doctrinal treatises, 

 h\ inns, and a Latin -Germ an glossary to the Bible 

 (Graffs Diulitka, voL UL). Among these are 

 Dt hutitutione Clericorvm, and De Univerto Libri 

 xxii., rive Etytnologiarum Opus, a kind of encyclo- 

 paedia of its time. 



His Opera Omnta (so called) fill vols. cvii. cxii. of 

 Mine's Patroloyia Curnu ComplHutt, reprint of the 

 Cologne edition of Colvenerius (G vols. folio, 1627), to 

 which are prefaced the Lira by his disciple Rudolphus 

 and by Joannes Trithemius. See the studies by Spongier 

 ( 1866), Kohler (1870), and Kichter ( 18*2 ). 



Rabat, also called NEW SALLEE, a seaport of 

 Morocco, and one of the most picturesque towns of 

 the empire, ia situated on the south Hide of the 

 Bu-Ragreb, at its entrance into the Atlantic. It 

 stands on cliffs in the midst of gardens, and is over- 

 looked by a large citadel. The most conspicuous 

 object is, however, the tower of Bern-Hassan ( 180 

 feet high), rivalling the great towers of Seville 

 (Cirakla) and Morocco (Kutubiya) ; near it is the 

 ruined mosque of Alnian/or. originally intended to 

 be made the largest in the world. Huins still e\i-t 

 of the sultan's palace that was immortalised by the 

 feats of Dick Whittington's cat. Carpets, shoes, 

 and mats are made, and woollens dyed. But, 

 owing to the silting up of the month of the river, 

 the commerce of Uabat has much declined. For- 

 merly it was the centre of the European trade with 

 Morocco; it still exports olive-oil, grain, hides, 

 ll.-ix, wool, maize, and millet. There is a small 

 iin|K)rt of cotton-stuffs, sugar, candles, and tea. 

 Top. 26,000. See English. Illustrated Magazine 

 (February 1890); also SALLEE. 



Kilbbl (Heb., 'my master,' 'my teacher'), an 

 honorary title of the Jewish Masters of the Law, 

 which is first found applied after the time of Herod, 

 subsequently to the disputes between the two 

 schools of Shammai (q.v.) and Hillel (q.v.). It 

 w as in common use at the time of Christ, who is 

 addressed as such by his disciples and the common 

 people. Other forms of the same title are Rab 

 ( ' master' ), Rabban ( 'our master' ), and the Hellen- 

 istic Rabboni ('my master"). The title Kahban 

 wa.s first given to the grandson of Hillel, Gamaliel 

 (q.v.), as prince-president of the sanhedrim, and 

 was only borne by seven other exalted chiefs of 

 schools. At present nothing but the degree of 

 Morenu ('our teacher'), bestowed upon a candi- 

 date who proves his erudition in the written and 

 oral law and all its bearings before a college of 

 rabbis, is wanted to render him eligible for the post 

 of a rabbi, which, however, carries no authority 

 whatoever with it, save on a very few ritinil 

 point-. It is a mere ignorant error to hold that 

 i lic> rabbi of our day in a kind of ' priest ' in the 

 -rise of the Old Testament. He is -imply the 

 teacher of the young, delivers sermon*, assists at 

 marriages and divorces, and the like, and has to 

 decide on some ritual questions. 1'ji to the times 

 of the removal of Jewish disabilities in Knropc 

 (see JEWS, Vol. VI. p. 328) he had on Home ocra 

 xioim also to give judgment in civil matters. For 

 the later Jewish, or so-ralled /.'/,/,,,//, literature, 

 see JEWH, Vol. VI. p. 331 et *//. ; for Hahhinical 

 Jews and Habhanites, see the same article, p. 330. 



Kabblt ( f.rfnin i-unii'ii/iin), a well-known rodent 

 in the same genus as the hare, from which it 

 differ* in wiiin- external features and yet more in 

 it- habits. The rabbit i- smaller than the I 

 with idioru-r head, earn, and legs; the cant arc 



shorter than the head, and have no black patch at 

 their ai>x, or at most a very small one ; the hind- 

 are not so much longer than the fore-legs as 

 they are in the hare; the predominant colour is 

 gray. Moreover, the rabliit limits forth Mind and 

 naked young, which it nurtures in the safe retreat* 

 atlorded by the burrows. These burrows are often 

 of great length, have a crooked course, and gein-i 

 ally several openings. Kahbiu live socially, and 

 prefer for their warrens places where the 'soil is 

 loose and dry, and where furze or other brushwood 

 allords additional shelter. They feed on gi. 

 herbs, and tender Iwirk. Their reproduction i- 

 very prolific, for breeding may occur four to eight 

 times during the year, the |x-iiod of gestation 1 

 only thirty days, three to eight young are born at 

 once, and sexual maturity is reached in alnuii six 

 mouths. A tame rabbit has been known to !. .n 

 fifty-eight young in a year, and Pennant calculated 

 that from one mother no less than 1,274,840 descend 

 ante might result by the end of four years, assum- 

 ing that all the members of successive generations 

 survived and reproduced. The young are IMHII 

 naked, blind, and helpless within the burrow in 

 a special brood-chamber or nest lined by some of 

 the mother's fur. The mother-rabbit takes much 

 care of her young, nor is the male lacking in alltr- 

 tion, though in abnormal conditions he sometimes 

 destroys the brood. For periods at least rabbits 

 are monogamous, and the males exhibit much 

 ailed i. in for their mates and hatred of rivals. The 

 normal length of life seems to lie about seven or 

 eight years. The gregarious life of a rabbit warren 

 needs no description, but it may be noticed that 

 adjacent burrows sometimes intersect. The senses 

 of rabbits are acute, but their intelligence is not. 

 highly developed. They are most active in the 

 gloaming and darkness. Their chief enemies are 

 birds of prey such as hawks and owls, and carniv- 

 ores such as fox and weasel. By stamping with 

 the hind-legs the older raMiits give signals when 

 danger threatens, li is said that the whiteness of 

 the exposed under Bides of the tails is of advantage 

 in indicating the direction of movements, but one 

 would think that it must lie also disadvantageous 

 in making the retreating rabbit more conspicuous. 

 Tame rabbits are varieties of the wild form, 

 modified by the artificial selection usually associ- 

 ated with domestication. Among the more im- 

 portant breeds are the 'silver rabbits' with bluish- 

 gray silvery fur, the ' Russian rabbits ' with gray 

 body and brown head, the ' Angora rabbits ' with 

 short ears and very long silken Fur. Albinos with 

 white hair and red eyes are common. The domestic 

 varieties, especially the lost, are much less hardy 

 than those which run wild. Some remarkable 

 modifications have occurred among rabbits in which 

 cross-breeding has been prevented by insulation. 

 Thus there are local varieties in the Falkland 

 Islands and in Jamaica. Most remarkable are 

 the dwarf-rahhita of Porto Santo, one of the 

 Madeiras, which are said to lie the descendants of a 

 single litter left there in the lieginning of the 1.1th 

 century. These are so much modified that they 

 do not breed with other rabbits. Hybrids between 

 hare and rabbit are not uncommon in France. 

 In regard to the keeping of tame rabbits, it may 

 be noticed that they eat almost any kind of vege- 

 table food ; the coarser blades of cabbages, turnip- 

 Icaves, celery-tops, carrot-tops, and other produce 

 of the garden, not suitable for human use, are 

 readily consumed by them, as well as duckweed, 

 sow thistle, dandelion, and many other we 

 When the rabbit-enclosure contains a plot of grass 

 and clover it affords them an important part of 

 their food. Great care is requisite to keep their 

 l>o\i's dry, neglect of which, and a too exclusive 

 I ling with green and succulent food, cause 



