876 



RANDAZZU 



RANGOON 



January 1839, taught for a while in a Louisiana 

 college," ami then turned to journalism. Shut oat 

 from the army by a delicate cotiHlitution, he still 

 rave powerful aid to the southern cause by Ilia 

 lyrics. These include, besides ' Maryland ' ( 1861 ; 

 called forth liy newx of the ]>asKage of the first 



busetu" troops through the streets of Balti- 

 more, and the coiuMwiuent bloodshed), 'Stonewall 

 Jackson,' 'Tliere's Life in the Old Land Yet.' and 

 others. Since 1866 he has edited a paper in 

 Augusta, Georgia, 



Kandazzo, a town of Sicily, at the northern 

 foot of Mount Etna, with some old Norman 

 churches. Pop. 9906. 



Randers a town in Jutland, on the Randers- 

 Fiorde, 20 miles from its mouth in the Cattegat. 

 Pop. (1870) 11,354; (1890) 16,617. 



Randolph. KDMTSD JKNNINOS, an American 

 statesman, was born at Williamsburg, Virginia, 

 10th AugUHt 1753, studied at \\ illiam and Mary 

 College, and wax admitted to the bar. In 1776 he 

 helped to frame the constitution of Virginia, and 

 became the state's first attorney-general. In 1786- 

 88 he was governor of Virginia, ami in 1787 he was 

 a member of the convent ion which framed the con- 

 stitution of the United States. He was working 

 hard at a cndiliration of the state-laws of Virginia 

 when, in 1789, he was appointed by Washington 

 attorney-general of tlie I'nited States. In 1794 he 

 was made secretary of state, but after tin- pi. -i 

 dent's signing of the Jay Treaty (1795) with Kng- 

 laml he resigned in order to be free to vindicate his 

 own eomlurt. Meanwhile he was practically ruineil 

 by the responsibility which he nail incurred, as 

 part of the duties of his office, for certain funds 

 provided for foreign sen-ice ; and, though In- 

 returned to the liar, he had to assign his lands 

 and slave-.. He .lied 13th September 1813. Sec 

 Moncure D. Conway, Omitted Chapters of History, 

 disclosed in the Life and Papers of Edmund Ban- 



Randolph. JOHN, 'of Roanoke,' was born at 

 Cawsons, in Virginia, June 2, 1773. He was a 

 second cousin of Edmund Randolph, and boasted 

 the Indian princess Pocahontas among his ances- 

 tors. In 1799 he was elected to congress, where 

 he became distinguished for his eloquence, wit, 

 sarcasm, invective, and eccentricity, and for thirty 

 yean was more talked and written about than any 

 American politician. Tall and meagre, peculiar 

 in dress and manners, he was described as a strange 

 mixture of the aristocrat and the Jacobin. lie 

 was the Democratic leader of the House of Kepn- 

 seutatives, but quarrelled with Jefferson, and 

 opposed the war of 1812; he opposed also the 

 Missouri Compromise, and stigmatised its noitliein 

 supporters as 'Doughfaces;' and he sided against 

 Jackson on the nullification question. From 1825 

 ! Is.-'" he sat in the senate, and in 1830 lie wa- 

 ap|Mtinted minister to Russia. By his will he 

 manumitted his numerous slaves, and provide. I for 

 their settlement in a free colony. He died in 

 Philadelphia, June 24, 1833. See Lives by Car 

 land (2 vuls. 1850) and Henry Adams ('American 

 Statesmen ' series, 1882). 



Randolph, SIR THOMAS, a trusted agent of 

 Queen Elizabeth, was l>orn in 1523, lived abroad 

 for safety's sake during Mary's reign, and after 

 Elizahetn's accession was frequently employed in 

 diplomatic missions to France, to Russia, and 

 i-|Mi-ially to Scot hind. He was first sent thither 

 in I. ">.">(>, and at many a critical juncture for more 

 than twenty years 'thereafter he played his mis. 

 tress' cards 'in' the perplexed and corrupt game oi 

 lish (Kilitics. He was twice shot at, in 156C 

 wtu, -wdered by Mary to leave the court, and in 



1581 had to flee from Scotland for his life. He 

 died it) 1590. 



Randolph, THOMAS, poet and dramatist, be- 

 longed to a good Sussex family, but was born at 

 hi- maternal grandfather's house in Northampton- 

 shire in 1605. He had his education at West- 

 minster and Trinity College, Cambridge, and was 

 admitted to a fellowship. He early beau to write, 

 and gained the friendship of Sir Aston Cokain, 

 Shirley, and Ben Jonson, who adopted him among 

 liis poetic siiii.1. He seems to have lived a boister- 

 ous life, and two copies of verses of his own tell 

 how he lost a finger in a brawl. He died before 

 his powers had reached their maturity, in March 

 1635. He left a number of bright, fanciful, and 

 occasionally too glowing poems, and six plays : 

 Aristippus, or the Jovial Philosopher; The Cim- 

 fei'ted Peddler; The Jealous Lovers; The Muses' 

 Looking-glass ; Amyntas, or the Impossible Dou-ry ; 

 and llet/for Honesty. His works were edited by 

 W. Carew Hazlitt in 1875. 



RaiU'laull. This building was erected in 1742 

 on the site of the gardens of a villa of the last Earl 

 of Ranelagh at Chelsea. Its rotunda was 150 feet 

 in diameter, with an orchestra in the centre and 

 tiers of boxes all round. The chief amusement, 

 promenading, as it was called, round and round 

 the area below, and taking refreshments in the 

 boxes, the" orchestra performing meanwhile, is thus 

 descrilK>d by Smollett : 'One half of the company are 

 following one another's tails in an eternal circle, like 

 asses in an olive-mill, . . . and the other half are 

 drinking hot water, under the denomination of tea, 

 till nine or ten o'clock at night to keep themselves 

 awake.' But Johnson thought 'the coup d'reil 

 was the finest he had ever seen;' and ^ alpole, 

 whose letters contain many allusions to Ranelagh, 

 writes, 29th June 1744 : ' Every night I go to 

 Ranelagh, which has totally beat Vauxhall. No- 

 body goes anywhere else; everybody goes th> 

 The last appearance of Ranelagh was when the 

 installation ball of the Knights of the Bath was 

 given there in 1802. It was closed on 9th September 

 1803, and built upon next year. IU site is now part 

 of the Chelsea Hospital garden. 



RaiU'laKh, NORTH and SOUTH, two suburbs of 

 Dublin, lying south of the city. 



Range. See CANNON, GUNNERY. 



Rangoon, the capital of Lower Burma, stands on 

 the Illaingor Rangoon River, about 20 miles from 

 its entrance into t he ( lull' of Martaban. The existing 

 city is almost entirely of modern construction, built 

 since the British took possession of the place in 

 IS.VJ. The town extends along the left hank of the 

 Hilling, the docks being opposite to it at the suburb 



of Uada, on tl ther side of the river. Ileliind 



the town is the large military cantonment, group's! 

 round the fortified hill (166 feet) on which stands 

 the Shway-Itagoii pagoda, 'the most venerated 

 object of w'orship in all the Indo-Chinese count i 

 It 'is built of brick, is lavishly gilded, and ta|-rs up 

 toa cone 321 feet above tin- ground (see illu-nation 

 under Bl'H.MA). According to tin- tiadition, it was 

 elected in the 6th century n.c. to serve as a refuge 

 to eight hairs from the head of Cantama Kuddha. 

 The street* are laid out regularly; the river is 

 carefully emlmnked ; there an- the markets and 

 an excellent water-supply ; the thoroughfares are 

 systematically lighted and traversed by tramway 

 cars; and there has been an elective municipality 

 since iHH.'f. l-'urls and batteries protect the town. 

 The principal buildings are the public and govern- 

 mental otlices, the Anglican cathedral [wbOM 

 foundation stone was laid by Lord DuflVrin in 

 I88B) and the other European churches, the native 

 pagodas, a lunatic asylum, the chief gaol of Lower 



