IM 



RE U'INU 



REAUMUR 



Tin' delivery of tin- sheaves divides the 

 machine* into three kinds ( I } those delivered 

 liy iiKinnal laliour ; ('-) those delivered liy mechani- 

 cal lalxiur. or self-deliverers ; and (3) combined 

 reapers nn<! binders, which deliver the sheaves 

 ready l-mml. The delivery of the sheaves by 

 inaniial lalmur is now chietfy at the hack of the 

 machine, the side-delivery licing generally almn- 

 doned, mile-- iii the self deliveries. In delivering 

 the grain, a man, with a short- hand led rake in 

 Iii- luiiiil, -it- upon the machine iilmo-t opposite 

 the cutting apiuiratits. With lliis he in-'liiies the 

 grain towards the knife ; and, when snllicient has 

 been cut to make a sheaf, he rakes it off the 

 platform of the machine, on to which it ha- fallen, 

 and depo-it- it on the ground. With the back- 

 delivciv the sheave- mu-t Ix-tii-d up mill removed 

 out of the way of the machine liefore it conies 



Fig. 2. Samuelson's Self-delivery Reaping-machine. 







round airain. Such a reaper, therefore, always 

 requires a full supply of hands to attend upon it. 

 Carefully handled, this machine will lake up laid 

 and twisted crops admirably. It* cost ranges from 

 18 to >. 



The mechanical or self-delivery machines, as 

 they are generally called, are of two kinds one 

 lays the cut corn in swathes, the other deposit* it 





Fig. 3. Howard's Binder. 



in sheaves. Saniuelson's sheaf deliverer will be 

 made plain by fig. 2- The machinery consist* of a 

 M-rie- nf four rakes two toothed and two plain 

 attach.-,! In uti upright -haft in such a mnnn> 

 to admit of a free a tiding, descending, and hori- 

 zontal motion. The two toothless rakes or 'dum- 

 mies' are shorter in the arms by -i\ inches than 

 the other two. and are merely employed |<> incline 



the grain towards the cutlci. liy an ingenious 

 eccentric motion, the rakes are made to sweep the 

 -heaves off the platform at intervals of about I-J 

 feel apart, to the side, and out of the wav of 

 the horses. The self-deliverer cost* fiom 25 to 

 .'10. 



The more recent automatic combined rcti|>er and 

 binder promises to supersede entirely all other reap- 

 ing machines. The general appearance and arrange- 

 ment of Howard's light steel frame sheaf binder 

 is shown in fig. 3. The rutting portion of the 

 binder is very similar to that of an ordinary leap- 

 ing machine. The cut grain as it falls bark on the 

 machine is conveyed by an endless web over the 

 top of the driving wheel to the knotter. Here it 

 falls into two arms called compressor jaws. These 

 retain it on the knotter table till a sheaf of the 

 prescril>ed size has accumulated. 'Whenever a 

 sheaf of the desired si/e IIILS lieen delivered to tin- 

 compressors, these relieve the tripper, which sets 

 in motion the needle (carrying the binding twinel 

 and the knotting apparatus. The needle is cir- 

 cular, and in its course it passes the band (twine) 

 round the sheaf, when the band is caught by the 

 knotter, and almost instantaneously a firm and 

 secure knot is tied, while the needle is drawn back 

 ready to operate on a new sheaf. As soon as the 

 knot is tied and the string cut, the sheaf is ejected 

 from the machine in a horizontal position, dropping 

 gently on the ground on its side quite clear of the 

 machine' (Bool; tif the Farm). With a moderate 

 crop of standing grain the binder in its various 

 improved forms does its work in a most admir- 

 able manner, though when the crop is badly ' laid ' 

 it cannot lie used satisfactorily. It is expeditions, 

 and surpasses all other methods in neatness and 

 thoroughness of work. When the binder was 

 tir.-t. introduced wire was the binding material. 

 There were strong objections to its use, however, 

 and it was not until twine was substituted that 

 the invention made any headway. There are now 

 several British linns engaged in making binders, 

 which are gaining in populaiity year by year. A 

 binder co-is about 50. 



Woodcraft's Appendix to Patent* for Reap 



machine* ; Mr Jacob Wilson's 

 1 on Heaping-machines,' in Trant 



of Biijliland .v'oriVf.v for January 1864 ; 



Book of Farm Implement* and Kuoic 



of the Farm, by Henry Stephen* : .1. 



C. Morton's Cyelopcedia of Agriculture. 



Reason. See the articles in 

 this work on Psychology, Ixigic, 

 Induction, Syllogism, Kant, 1'hilo- 

 sophy, and works cited under the-e. 



!! iiiinmr. RKNK ANTOINE 



I'l.ia H .\ri.T in;, physicist, was 

 born at I,a Rochelle", 28th Feb. 

 ruary l(iS3, and studied in the 

 Jesuits' College at Poitiers, and 

 afterwards at Hourgc-s. In 1703 he 

 went to Paris, where he attracted 

 general attention by the publication 

 of three geometrical Memoirs; and 

 in I70H he \\as elected a member 

 of the Academy of Sciences, and 

 was charged with the supervision 

 of the work De.irnj>tioii i/rx Direr* 

 Arts cl Matters, published under 

 the auspices of tne government. 

 Reaumur lightened hi* laboui- with occasional 

 researches into various subjects of natural history. 

 These researches occupied him from 1708 to 17I">, 

 and were followed by a scrim of investigations 

 into the condition of the woods, auriferous rivers, 

 and turquoise mines of France. The collections 

 of Memoirs of the Academy of Science- from 1722 

 till 1725 contain a number of papers by Reaumur, 



See 



