KK1) CROSS 



REDE8WIRE 



future, by <; Mnynier (trans. !> .1. Furley, 1883), 

 a Ked Cron knight "I the ioirmut rank, having 

 been the first to enter Paris with prm isn>ns, anil 

 Inning received fur his nuiny anil great services 

 tlic gold medal from tin- committee at Versailles, 

 anil divination* from the various French lied Cross 

 societies, which contain* the text of the Conven- 

 tion of (ieneva; Under the Ktii (.'rots, by Pearson 

 iiinl M'l.:iu^lilin ; Sole* uiul Recollection*, by W. 

 M'Cormaek, See AMBULANCE. 



Red Ooss. Tin ItoYAL. This decoration wag 

 instituted by Queen Victoria in 1883. It is con- 

 ferred on iiny ladie-s, English or foreign, recom- 

 mended by the Secretary ' State for War, for 

 special exertions in providing for th<> nursing, or 

 for attending to sick ami wounded soldiers anil 

 sailors. Tin' decoration is ii cross of crimson enamel 

 gold-edged, attached to a dark-blue ribbon red- 

 edged, OIK- inch in width, tied in a bow and worn 

 on the left shoulder. 



Red Deer, or STAG (Cervii* elaphut), a large 

 and very handsome animal, inhabiting gome of the 

 forests of Europe, West Asia, nnd North Africa. 

 Those living in the more northern purl- are smaller. 

 In Britain nil dct-r lire found on Kxmoor, in the 

 Highlands of Scotland, and in some parts of Ireland. 



Stag, Hind, nd Calf ( Cerrtu elaphut). 



The full-grown animnl stands over 4 feet at the 

 withers, and is dark reddish brown in colour, slight' 

 grayish in winter. The Antlers (q.v.), with vv hii 



withers, and is dark reddish brown in colour, slight Iv 

 gnu i-h in winter. The Antlers (q.v.), with which 

 the rival males fight, belong to what is called the 



elaphine type, having protrusive bniw-tines, well 

 marked IHV tines, a rounded lieam, and terminal 

 snags 'arranged in a cup or crown.' As usual, 

 they are shed in the spring of each yeur, anil gain 

 'points' with encli year's fresh growth, a 'nival 

 xtag 1 liiiving twelve, though this is not the maxi- 

 mum. Darwin mentions an nntler 30 inches in 

 length with tifu-en snags, and another with thirty 

 three, while Flower refers to 'a pair of antlers, 

 weighing 74 Ik, anil with forty live points.' 



The male stags are di-tiirjni-li'-.l by the posses- 

 sion of antlers, and are rather larger and stronger 

 than the females. Their voice i- a No stronger, for 

 they Inflow very loudly when enraged or when 

 challenging their rivals. The combats are very 

 tierce, anil sotnetimi". fatal even to Ixith com 

 batantu, for their miller* sometime* interlock in- 

 extricably. In fighting, the projecting brow tines 

 form mo-! .ll.-.ti\c ueujKins Tlie lueeiling season 

 U iii SeiitemlKT or OctoU-r, but the young are not 

 born till the end of May or the beginning of June. 



A in most species of ( Vi \ us they are first slightly 

 spitted with while. In the lirst year the young 

 male has only a hint of antlers, in the secmul \i-.n- 

 only small unhiani'hed IMMUIIS ; thereiiftfr a tine i- 

 piinwl esu-h J'ear. Nearly alliecl is the North 

 Americun Wapiti (C. canadentu), and there are 

 ly related species or varieties in Persia, Cash- 

 mere, and Tibet. Baillie (irohniami in ,sy,,,,7 in II, e 

 .Ufii (1890) has much ulKiut red deer, s 

 DEER FORESTS, STAO-not'Ni> ; l:l Deer, by R. 

 Jefferie( 1884); and Thelledl''. l.y M:n -pherson 

 and others ( ' Fur and Feather" Series, ls%). 



Rellitrh, a. town on the borders of Worcester 

 and Warwick shires, stands on an acclivity 13 miles 

 SSYV. of Birmingham by rail. Needles, pins, (ish- 

 hooks, and fishing-tackle are made exU'nHJvely. 

 Pop. ( 1851 ) 4802 ; ( 1881 ) 9901 ;( 1801) 1 1 .-".'."i. 



Reddle, KAIIM.E. or Hi n CIIAI.K (Scot. /.-reJ) 



an impure peroxide of iron (ferric oxide) associated 

 with very variable proportions of clay or chalk, or 

 sometimes other substances. It varies greatly too 

 in hardness, some kinds being difficult to i-nish 

 and others ignite soft. In colour it passes from a 

 pale brick-red to a tint occasionally nearly as 

 bright a-s vermilion. It is found in many places 

 abroad, and in England in Somersetshire, the 

 Forest of Dean, at Wastwater in t'uinlieiland, and, 

 of a quality valuable for polishing optical glasses, 

 near Kotherhani in Yorkshire. Sonic kinds of it 

 are used for marking sheep, others for carpenters' 

 and masons' pencils, and the liner qualities for 

 artists' crayons. Red ochre is one of the varieties. 



Red Earlll. the name given to the reddish 

 loam or earth which BO frequently occurs in regions 

 comiH)sed of limestones. This earth is the insoluble 

 residue of those portions of the calcareous rock 

 which have' been dissolved by rain. Such red 

 earths are of common occurrence in limestone 

 caverns. See CAVE. 



K <<!< in |> ( ion isls. one of the names of an order 

 of monks devote. I to the redemption of Chiistian 

 captives from slavery. They are more frequently 

 called Trinitarians (q.v.). 



Redemptorists. called also LIGUORIANS, a 

 congregation founded by St Alfonso Liguori (q.v.). 



Redesdnle, the valley of the river Keod in 

 Northumlperlaml, extending almost from the Scot- 

 tish lK>rder in a south-easterly direction for over 16 

 miles, until it opens up into the valley of the Tyne, 

 the river joining the North Tyne at Reedsinouth. 

 It is for miles a mere mountain vale, sloping up- 

 wards into bleak and dreary moorland, but it has a 

 quiet lieauty of it own that is not easily forgotten 

 by the traveller. The river springs out of the 

 Cheviot Hills, which lie athwart the head of the 

 dale, and down its course from Carter Toll on the 

 Imider lay one of the chief mads into England. 

 Walling Street itself travel scs ils middle and H]>]MT 

 part. Near the southern end of Uedesdale is the 

 famous field of Otterbum (q^.v.), but 16 miles from 

 the Inuder, which point again is but 10 miles from 

 .lislhiirgh. The men of Kedesdale of old "en- 

 brave and turbulent, and liore more than their 

 share in Border feuds and forays. Kedesdale gave 

 from 1S77 the title of earl to John Thomas Freeman 

 Milford ( IS05-86), who was son of the ex-Speaker, 

 John M it ford (died 1830), first Baron Kedesdale, 

 and who himself from 1861 was Chairman of 

 Committees in (lie House of Lords, and a deter 

 mined enemy of change in ecclesiastical matters. 



Redeswirr, KAID OF THK, a battle fought 7th 

 .Inly l. r )7"> close to the English tionler lit the pass 

 leading across the Cheviots into Kedesdale, alMiut 

 miles ESE. of Chester* in Koxhurghshire. A 

 number of Scots attacked an English force to 

 avenge the slaughter of a countryman, but were 



