628 



MI:K 



l.KICHKNHACH 



im-nt of iciii|MTiiture t latent ami s|>ecilic heats, 

 mill especially tin 1 numerical data bearing on the 

 working of steam-engines, for which the Hoyal 

 Society <if London awarded liim their Kumioid 

 medal! He iilso received the Copley medal (1S69) 

 of the Koynl Society, ami was one of its foreign 

 memliere. In addition to numerous impers in the 

 Anna/a de Chimie, &c., he published a Conn 

 Klfinrntaire de Chimie (4 vols. 14th e<l. 1871). 

 He died 20th January 1878. See the ttoge His- 

 toriqiie by Dumas ( 1881 ). 



UrusiiiT. MATiiriiix, a great French satirist, 

 was born at Chart re-, 21st Deceml*cr l.~>73. His 

 father was a well-to-do citizen : his maternal uncle 

 was the Abbe Pespnrles the poet. The boy was 

 tonsured at nine, but grew up dissipated and idle. 

 In early youth he seems to have visited Italy in the 

 Miite of the Cardinal do Joyeuse, and is supposed 

 later to have transferred Ms services to Philippe 

 de Hcthune, who went as amliassador to Home in 

 1601. He obtained a c.'innnry at Chartres, and 

 enjoyed the favour of Henry IV. and his court. 

 lint his follies sapped his health, and he died 

 an untimely death, 13th Octolier 1613. His first 

 collection of satires had appeared in 1608. Regnier's 

 whole work together scarce exceeds 7000 lines six- 

 teen satires, three epistles, five elegies, and some 

 odes, son^s, epigrams, and miscellaneous pieces yet 

 it is enough to place him high in the order of merit 

 among the poets of France. He is greatest in his 

 satires, written ill the usual Alexandrine couplet, 

 and admirably polished, yet vigorous and original. 

 They touch social and moral questions only, and 

 consequently are not of merely ephemeral interest, 

 as political satires most often are ; and, what is 

 rare in French satire, they mostly escape the fault 

 of handling abstract types instead of actual con- 

 crete cmlxMlinients of the type. Breadth, force, 

 and reality characterise them all, but these merits 

 together reach their highest point in the thirteenth, 

 hypocriti 



Mticelte, a satire on a hypocritical old woman 

 corrupts the hearts of the younjj around her by her 

 ryniral views of life. Kegnier imitated indeed the 

 satire of Juvenal and Horace, yet he did not copy 

 it, and he threw his own heart into the form he 

 Ixirrowed. He was the last of the great poets of the 

 Ifith century : after him was to follow a period of 

 barrenness, alike from the poveity of nature ami the 

 sterilising influences of the traditions of Malhcibe 

 and his school. It was against the attacks of 

 Malherbe that Regnier championed Honsard, and 

 later he himself vv.-is defended by lioileau. 



Editions are by Bnxwette (1729), Lcnglet Dufrexnny 

 (ma), Prosper Poitevin (1860), M. de Kartliclemy 

 (1862), and E. Conrbet (1875). Se Clierrier's Biblio- 

 graphic de Rfijaier ( 1889 ). 



RegratlnK' Sc ''' ENGROSSING. 



Regular Canons. See CANON. 



Regular*. See CLERGY. 



Itcgllllls. a term in Metallurgy, which is now 

 used in a generic sense for metals in different 

 M of purity, lint which still retain, to 11 greater 

 or h-ss extent, the impurities they contained in the 

 Mate, of ore. When, for example, (he me known 

 as the sulphide of copper is smelted, the product of 

 the different furnaces through which it pannes is 

 called reguliis until it is nearly pure copm-r. The 

 name, which signifies 'little king,' was lirst given 

 by the alchemist* to the metal antimony, on 

 account of iu power to render gold In it t If. 



Retrain*. See GOLDEN -CRESTED WREN. 



Rewilnft, MARCUS ATILIUS, a favourite hero 

 with the Roman writers, was consul for the lirst 

 time in 287 B.C., and for his military successes 

 obtained the honour of a triumph. Chosen consul 

 a second time (2.V1), he was sent along with his 



colleague Maulius at the head of a navy of 330 

 ships against the Carthaginians, and encountering 

 the enemy's fleet off Hcraclea Minor he totally 

 defeated it. The Romans then landed near ( 'Is pea, 

 where for some time Kegulus was victorious in 

 every encounter, but at last (255) suffered a total 

 defeat and was taken prisoner. He remained in 

 captivity for five years, hut when fresh reverses 

 induced the Carthaginians to solicit peace Kegulus 

 was released on parole and sent to Home in com- 

 pany with the Punic envoys. It is related hy the 

 Roman ivoets and historians, as an instance and a 

 model'or the most supreme heroism, how Regulus at 

 lirst refused to enter Rome since he was no longer 

 a citizen ; how, after this conscientious scruple was 

 overcome, he declined to give his opinion in the 

 Senate till that illustrious Ixxly laid upon him its 

 commands to do so ; how he then earnestly dis- 

 suaded them from agreeing to any of the Carthagin- 

 ian proposals, even to an exchange of prisoners; and 

 how, after he had succeeded by his earnest appeals 

 in obtaining the rejection of the Carthaginian 

 offers, he resisted all ]*ersuasions to break his 

 parole, though conscious of the fate that awaited 

 him, and, refusing even to see his family, returned 

 with the amlwissadors to Carthage, where the 

 rulers, maddened by the failure of their schemes 

 through his instrumentality, pin him to death by 

 the most hoiTihh> tortures. The common storv is 

 that he was placed in a cask or chest stuck full of 

 nails, also that, with his eyelids cut off, he was 

 exposed to the glare of the African sun. Unfor- 

 tunately this noble tale of heroic patriotism and 

 unflinching fortitude is unhistorical, or at least un- 

 supported by any good authority. 



Krmillis. or RTLE, ST, according to legend, a 

 monk of Constantinople or bishop of Patras who in 

 347 A.D. came to Muckross or Kilrimont (after- 

 wards St Andrews), bringing relics of St Andrew 

 to Scotland from the East. The adoption of St 

 Andrew as the national natron saint appears to 

 belong to the first half of the 8th century ; and 

 for the ]>ossible identification of St Regulus with 

 nn Irish St Hiagail of the 6th century, see Skene's 

 Celtic Scotland ( vol. ii. 1877). 



Regur, the rich, black cotton soil of India. It 

 is the result of the long-continued growth and 

 decay of vegetation the organic residue living 

 commingled with the disintegrated and decomposed 

 debris of the subjacent rocks. 



Rei. See MlLREI. 



Rrirhenbarh. a manufacturing town of 

 Saxony, 11 miles SW. of Xwickan, produces 

 woollen fabrics merinoes, flannel, shawls, quilts, 

 cashmere and has wool-spinning, dyeing, and 

 calico-printing works. Pop. (1890)21,496. 



Ifi irli<-nli:ii-|i. a town of Prussian Silesia, 46 

 miles by rail SE. of Liegnitz. Pop. 7368. 



d II III llll.'lrll. IlKINI.ini (iOTTLIEB LUDWIO 



(1793-1H79), a botanist and zoologist, from 1820 a 

 professor at Dresden. His son, HKINKICII (JrsT.vv 

 ( 1824-89), was also a l*otanist, a professor at Ham- 

 burg from 1862. He was famous in connection with 



orchids. 



Rcirhcnbarti, K.uti., KARON VON, naturalist 

 and technologist, was l*orn at Stuttgart, 12th 

 February 17K8, and educated at Tubingen. After 

 a short political imprisonment at the instigation of 

 the French authorities, he studied the industrial 

 arts, and in 1821, in connection with the Count of 

 Salm, he commenced a numl*cr of manufactories of 

 different kinds at lilansko in Moravia, which he 

 managed with great success, retiring with a for- 

 tune. He devoted much study to the compound 

 pri*diicts of the distillation of organic Kiilwtances, 

 and he succeeded in bringing to light a number o. 



