KKMIIRANDT 



HKMITTKNT FEVER 



daughter. Titiii. and Uointiraii.il wax present at 

 the l>a|ni-ni. He was spared the pain of losing 

 this grandchild, whose death occurred thirteen 

 days after his own. Rembrandt left two children, 

 names unknown. 



The genius of Rein brand t has l>cen the subject "t 

 much controversy, Imt his fame has bmaMH, nut 

 withstanding unintelligent ceimure and praise often 

 equally unintelligent. RmblBBdl wax not lilind 

 to the Turrits of Italian art, as we know by liis 

 collection, hut his own practice was founded on the 

 direct study of the nature he saw around him l>ot!i 

 in human life and landsca|K*. It U a mistake, 

 however, to suppose that he copied nature slavishly, 

 that he was a sort of photographer. Far from that, 

 he was no imaginative that he transmuted every 

 thing. He had an equal power of expressing mass 

 ami rendering detail Doth in painting ami etching. 

 His technical force in both arts has only been 

 rivalled in other styles, and it has never lieen 

 surpassed. The common admiration for his chiaro- 

 oscuro is, however, misplaced. The chiaro-oscuro 

 of Kcmhrandt is often false and inconsistent, and, 

 in fact, he relied largely on public ignorance. But 

 though arbitrary it is always* conducive to his 



Eur]K>se. In etching the ell'ect of it was often 

 cightened by an intentionally iincqu.il distribution 

 of linish. No artist ever combined more delicate 

 skill with more energy and power. His treatment 

 of mankind is full of human sympathy for all ages 

 and conditions, but his especial study was old age. 

 In his interpretation of the Scriptures he did not 

 seek to give dignity by a factitious magnificence, 

 or by elevating personages above their social rank, 

 but by inspiring respect for them, and interest in 

 them, as they were. At the same time his artist- 

 faculty of idealisation acted in its own way by 

 giving sublimity. Of the great artisU Rembrandt 

 is not the most perfect, but he is the most interest- 

 ing, and his work is full of variety, lioth in subject 

 and in teehnic.il methods. He was a great draughts- 

 man, in his own way, and often a fine colourist as 

 well as a great executive virtuoso lioth in painting 

 and etching. Rembrandt had much personal 

 influence as a teacher, and many of his pupils 

 became known. His life seems to have been 

 absorbed in work, and he avoided fashionable 

 society, keeping to the burghers and artiste. 



See the elaborate French Life by his countryman Vos- 

 maer ( Paris, 1877 ), the interesting study by Emile Michel 

 ( tranx. ed. by Wedmore, 1893 ), and the monograph on the 

 etching* by the present writer ( in the Portfolio of 1894 ). 

 The first catalogue of the etchings of Rembrandt is the 

 incomplete one by Gereaint, published after his death in 

 1751. Peter Yver of A m-ii-nUm supplemented this, and 

 Daulby of Liverpool published a translation in 1796. 

 Adam Bartsch followed at Vienna in 1797. I)e Claussin 

 puMished in 1824 an edition of preceding catalogues. 

 Wilson (Lond. 1836) issued a new catalogue with 

 original observations. That by Charles Blanc, in two 

 oli. ( Paris, n.4), includes both pictures and etchings, 

 that by Mr Middlcton ( Lond. 1878) gives the etchings 

 only, and a catalogue privately printed for the Rurlingtnn 

 Club in 1877 gave the etchings in chronological order. 

 Vonuaer gave catalogues at the end of his biography, 

 both chronological and classified. Mr F. 8. Haden's 

 monograph on the etchings (Lond. 1879) proves that 

 ome of the plates attributed to Rembrandt were executed 

 by other hands, probably by pupils. The best ex: 

 catalogues of Rembrandt a works give about 600 pictures, 

 600 drawing and studies, and 353 etching*. The licnt of 

 bis mind may be judged of be tin- choice of subject Out 

 of the general total of about 14.50 works 136 are from the 

 Old Testament, 255 from the New, 22 from clansical 

 mythology, and only 12 from history. There are about 

 440 |M>rtraiU and 100 landscapes, besides some sketches 

 of itnimal* and many studies not classed. With the 

 single exception of the Bible, Rembrandt got little from 

 hooks, and his houe, so rich in works of graphic art, 

 contained barely twenty volumes. 



Kcillijin. a genus of ( 'inchonaceie (see ClN- 

 CIIHXA), valuable as a source of Quinine (q.v.). 

 There are no less than thirteen species found in 



Ilia/il. The name < es from that of the Brazilian 



I>h\ -iciaii Hemijo. 



KclllillKtOIl, Pllll.o. inventor, was Imrn at 

 Litchhcld in New York on 31st October 1816. He 

 entered the small-arms factory of his father, and 

 for twenty-live years superintended the mechanical 

 department. The perfecting of the Remington 

 breech loading rifles and of the Remington type- 

 writer was largely due to his inventive skill. He 

 retired in 1886, and died on 4th April ISSil. 



lf< mirrinolK. a town of France (dept V. 

 stands on the Moselle, 17 miles by rail SK. ..i 



Kpinal. The r ains of an ahliey, founded in (t'20, 



are the finest building in the town. The abliess 

 was a princess of the empire down to 1566 ; the 

 nunnery was suppressed at the Revolution. Muslin, 

 cotton; leather factories, and sawmills exist here. 

 I 'op. S447. 



Remittent Fever is one of the varieties of 

 fever arising from malaria or marsh-poison one 

 being Intermittent Fever, or Ague (q.v.). In 

 its milder forms it scarcely differs from severe 

 intermittent fever ; while in its more serious form 

 it may approximate closely to yellow fever. As 

 the nature of the poison on which it depends is 

 sutlicieiitly noticed in the article MALARIA, we 

 shall at once proceed to describe the most char- 

 acteristic symptoms. The attack may be either 

 sudden or preceded by languor, chilliness, and a 

 general feeling of malaise. Then comes a cold 

 stage, usually of short duration. This is followed 

 by a hot stage, in which the symptoms are com- 

 monly far more intense than those exhibited in the 

 worst forms of ague. Giddiness proceeding to 

 delirium is not uncommon, and is a bad symptom : 

 while in other cjises drowsiness or lethargy is one 

 of the most marked symptoms. There is often 

 great tenderness or pain in the region of the 

 stomach, and vomiting the vomited matter fre- 

 quently containing bile or blood. A remission of 

 tlioe symptoms occurs, in mild cases, in six or 

 M'\eu hours; but in severe cases the paroxysm 

 may continue for twenty-four hours or longer. 

 The remission is sometimes, but not alway-, 



aci i panic. I with sweating. The duration of the 



remission is a.s varied as that of the paroxysm. 

 varying from two or three to thirty hours, or even 

 longer. The fever then returns with increased 

 severity, and without any cold stage ; and then 

 the paroxysms and remissions proceed, most com- 

 monly according to no recognisable law, till the 

 case terminates either fatally or in convalescence. 

 In favourable ca--cs convalescence is usually cstab 

 lished in about a week. The severer forms of this 

 fever are often accompanied with, more or less 

 jaundice, and hence the disease has received the 

 name of bilious remittent fever. It is also known 

 as jungle-fever, lake-fever (from its prevalence on 

 the border of the great American lakes); and the 

 African, Bengal, Levant, Walcheren, and other 

 similar local fevers are merely synonyms of this 

 disease. In England the disease is very rare; and 

 when it occurs it is usually mild. The disease is 

 most -cvcre in southern Asia, western Africa, 

 Vntral America, and the West India Islands. 



The first object of treatment is to reduce the 

 circulation during the hot stage. This is done by 

 a dose of live grains each of calomel and James's 

 iiowder, and, after an interval of three or four 

 hours, by a sharp cathartic as, for instance, the 

 ordinary black (fraught. On the morning of the 

 following day the remission will probably be more 

 complete, when quinine shonla be freely anil 

 repeatedly administered. A mixture of antimonial 



