REMONSTRANCE 



RENAISSANCE 



639 



wine with acetate of potash should also be given 

 every two or three hours, so as to increase the 

 action of the skin and kidneys. The patient must 

 l)e carefully watched during the period of con- 

 valescence. A timely removal from all malarious 

 influence, by a change of climate or a sea-voyage, 

 is of the highest importance. 



Remonstrance, THE, a detailed statement of 

 all the king's illegal and oppressive acts, and a 

 vindication of the rights of parliament, laid before 

 the House of Commons by Pym, and carried by 159 

 votes to 148, after a stormy debate lasting from 

 noon till after midnight, November 22 and 23, 1(541. 

 On the question as to its being printed the debate 

 began anew with such extraordinary exasperation 

 that an actual conflict on the floor of the House 

 was saved only by the calmness and tact of Hamp- 

 den. On a division a majority of 23 left the publi- 

 cation free and restrained the printing only until 

 further order. The adoption of the Remonstrance 

 was felt on both sides to l>e a crisis in the stni^x' 1 ' 

 between Charles I. and the parliament. It kindled 

 afresh the enthusiasm of the country, and hurried 

 the king into more violent and fatal measures. 

 'The turning-point of freedom or despotism,' says 

 Forster, 'for two more centuries in England was 

 probably passed that night.' 



Remonstrants. See ARMINIUS (JACOBUS). 



Rein ora. or SUCKING-FISH (Echeneis), a genus 

 of fishes sometimes classed not far from mackerels 

 among the Acanthopterous Teleosteans, or referred 

 to a special sub-order Discocephali. The great 

 peculiarity is the suctorial disc on the dorsal sur- 

 face of the head. It is formed from a modification 

 of the first dorsal fin, whose spines have become 

 cleft. The sucking-fishes fix themselves very firmly 

 to sharks, sword-fish, turtles, and even to ships. 

 So firmly do they adhere that they are sometimes 

 used in fishing. A line is fixed to the tail ; the 

 fish is set free ; it discovers a turtle or fish and 

 fastens itself. The fishermen dive after the line if 

 the remora has fastened on to a turtle, or may in 

 other cases simply haul it up. Columbus, or one of 

 his companions, descril>ed how the ' Guaican ' shoots 

 ' like an Arrow out of a Bowe towards the other 

 fish, and then, gathering the bag on his head like a 



purse-net, hold them so fast that he lets not loose 

 till hal'd np out of the water.' More precise details 

 have been furnished by other travellers. Several 

 species of Echeneis or remora are known from 

 Zanzibar, f'uba, New Guinea, &c. The remora of 

 tin' Mediterranean was well known to the ancients, 

 and was credited with many feats, such as that of 

 detaining Antony's ship from the battle of Actium. 

 Th> I'mli is palatable, and is sometimes eaten after 

 its day's work of fishing. 



Removal or Goods. See LANDLORD AND 

 TENANT. 



Remscheid, a town of Rhenish Prussia, 6 

 miles S. of Elberfeld- Barmen, carries on extensive 

 manufactures of iron wares, cutlery, &c. Pop. 

 (1871)22,017; (1880)30,029; ( 1890) 40,371. 



Rentusat, (JEAN PIERRE) ABEL, Chinese 

 scholar, was born at Paris, 5th September 1788, 

 studied medicine, and took his diploma in 1813 ; 

 but as early as 1811 he had published an essay on 

 Chinese literature. In 1813 he was compelled to 

 serve as hospital surgeon, but in 1814 he was made 

 professor of Chinese in the College de France. Of 

 the numerous works that he wrote subsequent to 

 this period we may mention Recherches stir les 

 Lang lies Tartares ( 1820), a work in some sort pre- 

 paratory to his great Elements de la Grammaire 

 Chmoise (1822). He wrote also on the origin of 

 Chinese writing (1827), on Chinese medicine, on 

 the topography and history of the Chinese empire, 

 and Melanges (published in 1843). Remusat was 

 the first to make known in Europe the life and 

 opinions of Laou-Tsze. In 1818 Remnsat became 

 one of the editors of the Journal ties Savants ; in 

 1822 he founded the Societe Asiatique of Paris ; 

 and in 1824 he was appointed curator of the 

 Oriental Department in the Bibliotheque Royale. 

 He died of cholera at Paris, 3d June 1832, at the 

 early age of forty-four. 



Remusat, CHARLES (FRANCOIS MARIE), 

 COMTE DE, a French politician and litterateur, 

 born at Paris, 14th March 1797, the son of Angus- 

 tin Laurent, C'omte de Remusat (1762-1823), who 

 was successively chamlierlain to Napoleon and a 

 prefect under the Restoration. His mother (nee 

 Claire Elizabeth Jeanne Gravier de Vergennes) 

 was born in 178(1, married in 1796, became dame 

 dupalais to Josephine, and died in 1821. Young 

 Remusat early developed Lilieral ideas, and took 

 eagerly to journalism. He signed the journalists' 

 famous protest against the Ordinances of Polignac 

 which brought almut the July revolution, and was 

 in October elected deputy for Toulouse. He now 

 allied himself with the Doctrinaire party, and in 

 1836 became under-secretary of state for the interior. 

 In 1840, when the government passed into the 

 hands of Thiers, Remnsat was made minister of 

 the Interior, but soon resigned the office. He was 

 exiled after the coup d'etat of Louis Napoleon, and 

 henceforward devoted himself to literary and philo- 

 sophical studies, till, in August 1871, M. Thiers 

 called him to hold the portfolio of Foreign Affairs, 

 which he retained until 1873. He died June 6, 

 1875. Remusat was long a well-known contributor 

 to the Revue des Deux Monties. 



Among his writings are his Etsail de Philviophie 

 (1842); A bdard (1845); L'Aniileterre au XVIIF Kiicle 

 (1856); studies on St Anelm (1853), Bacon (1857), 

 Channiim (1857), John Wesley (1870), Lord Herbert 

 of Cherbury ( 1874) ; HMoire de la Philofophie en Avijle- 

 terre tie Bacon a Locke (1876); and posthumously two 

 philosophical dramas, Abelard and La Saint Sarthflrmir 

 (1878), and Correspondence pendant let premierei annics 

 de la Bettauratian (Gvols. 1883-87). 



His mother's Mtmoirei (3 vols. 1879-80) and Lcttres 

 (2 vols. 1881), both of which have been translated into 

 English, proved to be of the greatest interest, and threw 

 a flood of light on the strange society of the First Empire 

 and the character of Napoleon. 



Remy, ST (Lat. Remigius). See RHEIMS. 



Renaissance is a comprehensive name for 

 the great intellectual movement which marks the 

 transition from the middle ages to the modern 

 world ; a movement including a very marked 

 change in attitude of mind and ideal of life, as well 

 as in philosophy, art, literary criticism, political and 

 religious thought. Substantially a revolt against 

 the barrenness and dogmatism of Medievalism, 

 the new spirit claimed the entire liberation of 

 reason, and, passionately recognising and studying 



