680 REVUE DBS DEUX MONDES 



REYNARD THE FOX 



and the pistol is ready for firing by pulling the 

 trigger. 1'liis principle is the most popular <>i any 

 employed for self-extracting revolver*, aiut it has 

 proved* efficient. There are many t}'|>c" of revolvers, 

 self-extracting and other, Inn, with the exception of 

 cheap weapons and gome single-action solid-frame 

 revolvers popular in America, the principle adopted 

 by the British and other governments in that most 

 generally used. Messrs Smith \ Wesson of Wor- 

 cester, SliiHsachuHettM, were the first to popularise 

 tin- hinged self-extracting revolver, and amongst 

 many other models they now make one in which the 

 hammer is covered, and the pistol can only be fired 

 when lirmly grasped by the hand : as a safety liolt, 

 which effectually and automatically liolts the firing 

 mechanism, projects through the haft, and has to 

 be pressed in liefore the trigger can lie drawn back 

 to raise the hammer and tire the wea|>on. This 

 pistol is perfectly safe, and insures immunity from 

 such accidents as arise from careless handling. 

 For military purposes the revolver is generally 

 made of half-inch calibre, and such a weai>on has a 

 range of from 100 to 300 yards, whilst at 50 yards 

 ten consecutive shots have been placed in a 4 inch 

 bull's-eye. At shorter ranges ite precision is equal 

 to that of the finest duelling pistol. Revolving 

 arms of large size are used as Cannon (q.v.) and 

 Machine Guns (q.v.); and for further particulars of 

 revolving firearms consult Galand, I.t Revolcre de 

 Guerre (2d ed. 1873); Gould's Modern, American 

 Pistol and Revolver (Boston, 1888); and British 

 service publications. 



Revue des Deux Mondes, the best known 

 of the French magazines devoted to literature, art, 

 and general criticism, was founded in Paris in 1831 

 by Francois Buloz. It had appeared during 1829, 

 but was languishing until purchased by Buloz, who 

 lirmly established it. Many of the best French 

 writers have contributed to its pages. 



Rewa, a state of India, called also Baghel- 

 khand (q.v.). REWA KANTHA is the name of a 

 political agency under the government of Bombay, 

 containing sixty -one small states, of which five are 

 tributary to the British government, and most of 

 the remainder to Baroda. The territory included, 

 covering an area of 4792 miles, with a total popula- 

 tion of 543,432, lies mainly along the south hank 

 of the lower Nerbiidda with patches north of it, 

 and on the west borders on Broach, Baroda, and 

 Ahmadabad. 



Reward, in a legal sense, means some 

 encouragement which the law holds out for exer- 

 tions in bringing certain classes of criminals to 

 justice. By statute 7 Geo. IV. chap. 64, the 

 courts of assize may order the sheriff of the county, 

 in which certain offences have been commit ted, to 

 pay to persons who have been active in securing 

 the apprehension of offenders charged with murder, 

 or with feloniously shooting, cutting, stabbing, 

 wounding, or poisoning, or with rape, burglary, 

 hoiisebreaking, robln-ry. arson, or cattle-stealing, or 

 with being accessary l>efore the fact to any of such 

 "(Fences, or to receiving any stolen property, a 

 reasonable sum to compensate them for expense, 

 exertion, and loss of time. So by a later statute 

 (14 and 15 Viet. chap. 55) courts of quarter 

 sessions are authorised, in the case of any of the 

 above offences which they have jurisdiction to try, 

 to order such compensation ; but the payment to 

 one person must not exceed 5. If any one is 

 killed in endeavouring to apprehend a person 

 charged with one of these offences, the court may 

 order compensation to be made to the family. The 

 amount to be paid in all such cases is subject to 

 regulations which may IK- made from time to time 

 by the Secretary of State. By statute (24 and 25 

 Viet. chap. 96) it is a felony, punishable by penal 



servitude to the extent of seven years, to corruptly 

 take any reward for helping a person to proj>erty 

 stolen or embezzled, unless all due diligence to- 

 bring the offenders to trial has lieen used. In 

 Britain an advertisement offering a reward for the 

 return of stolen or lost property, using words pur- 

 porting that no questions will be asked or inquiry 

 made after the person producing the property, 

 lenders the advertiser, printer, and publisher liable 

 to forfeit 50. For several years the olfcring of 

 rewards by the government has in England been 

 discontinued on grounds of public jiolicy. For 

 example, during the series of murders in White- 

 chapel in 1888-90, the Home Office, though urgent ly 

 requested to offer a reward for the discovery of the 

 criminal, steadily refused to do so. 



Rewarl, a town of the district of Gurgaon, in 

 the extreme south of the Punjab, 50 miles S\V. of 

 Delhi by rail, an important centre for trade be- 

 tween Punjab and Rajput&na. Pop. 23,900. 



Reyband, MARIE KOCH Louis, a clever French 

 writer, was born at Marseilles, 15th August IT'.'d. 

 travelled in the Levant and India, and returned to 

 Paris in 1829 to writ* for the Radical papers and 

 edit theHistoirescientiJiqueetmilitaire de I'Expfdi- 

 tion Francaise en Eqypte (10 vols. 1830-36), 

 Diimont d Urville's Voyage autovr du Monde 

 (1833), and Orbigny's Voyage dans let deux 

 Ameriques (1836). His studies in social science 

 bore fruit as Etudes sur les Rjfarmottim on 

 Socialist modernes(Zvo\e. 1840-43; 7th ed. 1864), 

 which gained him the Montyon prize ( 1841 ) and a 

 place in the Academy of Moral Sciences ( 1850). 

 His unusually original satiric novel, Jerome Pat unit 

 d la recherche if line Position sociale ( 1843), liccame 

 widely popular, and was followed by the less suc- 

 cessful jerome Paturot d la recherche de la 

 meilleure des Republiques ( \ 848 ). Rey baud took an 

 active part in politics, first voted with the Left, but 

 after the July revolution with the Right, and was 

 sent by the Assembly to Algeria to visit the agri- 

 cultural colonies established there. His last thirty 

 years were devoted to studies in economics. From 

 1850 a member of the Academy, he died at Paris 

 28th October 1879. Among his later works were 

 Marines et Voyages ( 1854), Scenes de la Vic moderne 

 (1855), L' Industrie en Europe ( 1856), and Etude* 

 sur le Regime des Manufactures ( 1859). 



Reykjavik. See ICELAND, Vol. VI. p. 62. 



Reynard the Fox, a well-known popular 

 epic the characters of which are animals instead 

 of men. It belongs to the series of Beast-fables 

 (q.v.) which have delighted the popular imagina- 

 tion from early ages and in all lands, from India 

 to the Bushmen's country in South Africa (see 

 FABLE). The stories that relate the knaveries of 

 Reynard the Fox seem to have originated for the 

 most part in northern France and Flanders from 

 the 10th century onwards, and to have l>een com- 

 posed and recomposed repeatedly in various forms 

 in the 12th and following centuries. The authors 

 or editors, so far as they are known, belonged 

 chiefly to the ecclesiastical orders. The sever:. 1 

 versidns differ not onlv in respect of language and 

 of style, but also in trie choice and arrangement of 

 the episodes and incidents narrated. All turn 

 upon the knaveries of Reynard the Fox, as prac- 

 tised by him in his quarrel with Iseiigiim the. 

 Wolf, who in all encounters generally comes oil 

 second best. The best versions, as the typical 

 Flemish and Low German (to \<e referred to in 

 detail lower down), reach a high level of literary 

 excellence. The episodes are woven together into 

 a veritable epic ; the versification is agreeable and 

 easy ; the characters are consistent and well -sus 

 taincd ; the contemporary manners, and the localr 

 ties and circumstances, that make the background ot 



