716 



HIKH.M 



HIKNZI 



both universities ; Tyndale ami Ililney lio<l taught 

 the new doctrinea at Cambridge, and Ridley. 

 no leas than Craniuer and I..-iiiuiiT. CarnMdn 

 student* about the same periiMl, had early OMgtrt 

 something "f their spirit. Ridley went next to 

 I'aris and to Lou vain, mid, having encountered 

 some nf tin' mosi acti\e Reformers abroad, after a i 

 thrit- years' alu-encc returned liniily grounded in 

 tin- new doctrines. He was made proctor to the | 

 university of Cambridge in l~>33, became domestic 

 chaplain to Craniuer, afterwards to the king, and 

 had already been made vicar of llcrne, canon, first 

 of Canterbury, thru of Westminster, and rector of ! 

 S.iham, \\ln-n iii I"i47 he was raised to b Bishop of 

 Rochester. An ardent and outepoken Reformer, 

 vet without cither bigotry or intolerance, he I 

 )>ronght great learning and admirable preaching 

 power to the cause, and quickly made himself one 

 of the foremost leaders of the church. On the ! 

 deprivation of Homier, Itishop of London, in 1550, 

 Ridley became his successor. In this high position 



he di*tingui*aed himself by hi* moderation, his 

 learning, and his munificence, prompted Edward 

 VI. to the foundation of Christ's, St Itartholomew's, 

 and St Thomas' hospitals, and assisted Craniner 

 in the preparation of the Forty-one Articles, after- 

 wards reduced to thirty-nine. In 1552 he visited the 

 1'riiii'i i \liu v at Hunsdon, but failed to shake her 

 adherence to her inothei -'s faith. Thereupon, after 

 the death of Edward VI., he warmly espoused the 

 cause of Lady .lane (Irey, anil at St Paul's Cross 

 di'i'bired both Mary and Elizabeth to IK- illegiti 

 mate, July 16, 1553. As soon, however, as Mary 

 wax proclaimed he repaired to Kramlingham to 

 make his peace, but was coldly received, and soon 

 stripped of his dignities and sent to the Tower. 

 Once at least he attended mass, but his spirit soon 

 returned to him. In March 1554 he was sent to 

 Oxford, together with Latimer and Cranmer, to be 

 tried by a committee of convocation, and after a 

 profitless disputation all three were adjudged 

 defeated and olistinate heretics, and condemned to 

 suffer at the stake. As England was not yet 

 formally reconciled to Rome, the sentence could 

 not be carried out, and accordingly Ridley lay in 

 Bocardo gaol at Oxford for eighteen months, writing 

 the while a noble and touching farewell letter to his 

 friends. After the formality of a second trial he 

 was led forth to execution, along with Latimer, 

 16th October 1555. The stake was placed in from 

 of lialliol College, and here Ridley played the man 

 in the midst of awful torments of a smouldering 

 fire that burned him slowly to death. His wi i 

 were collected in a volume of the Parker Socieu 

 series (1841), with a life by Rev. II. CfarbtmM. 

 Sen his Life by Dr Gloucester Ridley ( 1763). 



Kit-Inn. EDUARD i k \i;i. AUGUST), a learned 

 Protestant theologian, liorn at Diersburg in linden, 

 December 20, 1830. II. -ludi.'d at Heidelberg and 

 Halle, became vicar at Durlach in 1853, garrison- 

 preacher at Mannheim in 1854, and qualified as 

 prioat-durrnl in the theological faculty at Heidel 

 li-rg in 1858. He was appointed an extra -ordinal v 

 professor here in 1861, at Halle in IH(i-2, and ordi- 

 nary professor at the latter in 1866. He died April 

 6, 1888. Of his numerous books most important 

 are Der Lthrbtgriff da Hebraerbritft (1858-59; 

 2d ed. 1867); Die Marianischen \Yrissati iinym 

 (lS7.->; 2d ed. 1886; Eng. trans. 1890); Der 

 l'-'lfiff tlrr Xitlinr. im Alien Te.itniiinit (1877); 

 and the |>osthiiiiioiis A/t/rx/iniii-iitr.-Theologie (ed. 

 by I'ahncke, 1890) and Kiiilrilnng in rf. Alte 

 Tatnmeiit (ed. by A. Brandt, 2 vols. 1889-90). 

 He edited the second edition of Hupfeld's Com- 

 mentary on the Ptalmi (4 vols. 1887-71) and the 

 invaluable Hanilinnrterbtirh tffit biblisr,hen Alter- 

 thunu ( 1884), and was from 1863 joint-editor of the 

 quarterly Tfteoioyitc/te Stvdien und Kritiken. 



Riel, I.'i is. a Canadiiin insurgent, born in 

 Manitoba in 1844, became a leader of the Meti-, 

 or French half-breeds, and headed the Red River 

 rebel Iii MI in 1869 70, afterwards escaping from the 

 country. In 1885 he again established a rebel 

 government in Manitoba, and in Noreinlier, the 

 rising having been quelled, he was executed at 



Rienzi, COLA IM, the famous Roman tribune, 

 was born at Rome in 1313. His parentage was 

 humble, his father being, a tavern-Keeper named 

 Lorenzo, by abbreviation, Rienzo ; the family 

 name of Cabrini is sometimes added. The son 

 Nicolas (shortened into Cola) studied grammar 

 and rhetoric, read and re-read the Ijitin bis 

 torians, philosophers, and \wettt ((track was 

 scarcely yet known in Italy), and excited his im- 

 agination, while at the same time he coloured his 

 speech, with the prophetic enthusiasm of the in- 

 spired writers. The assassination of his brother 

 by a Roman noble, whom he found it impossible to 

 bring to punishment, finally determined him to 

 deliver the city from the barbarous thraldom of the 

 barons. In 1343 he was appointed by the heads of 

 the Guelph party spokesman of a deputation sent 

 to the papal court at Avijjnon to beseech Clement, 

 VI. to return to Rome in order to protect the 

 citizens from the tyranny of their noble oppressor!!. 

 Here he obtained a favourable hearing from the 

 pope, who appointed him notary to the civic 

 chamber. In April 1344 Rienzi returned home, 

 and sought to obtain the countenance of the 

 magistrates in his ideas of reform ; but reform he 

 found was impossible without revolution ; and for 

 three years he loudly and openly menaced the 

 nobles. At last, when Rienzi thought he could 

 rely on the support of the eiti/ens, he summoned 

 them together on the 28th of May 1347, and, sin - 

 rounded by 100 horsemen and the papal legate, he 

 delivered a magnificent disn.uise, and piopo-ed a 

 series of laws for the better government of the 

 community, which were unanimously approved of. 

 The aristocratic senators were driven out of tin- 

 city, and Rienzi, as tribune of the holy Koman 

 republic, was invested with practically diciatoiial 

 jKiwer. The pope confirmed the eloquent dictator 

 in his authority ; all Italy rejoiced in his success, 

 and foreign lands, even warlike France (according 

 to his enthusiastic friend and admirer. I'etrarch), 

 liegan to dread the reviving majesty of the Eternal 

 City. A bright dream flashed across Kien/i's im- 

 agination, the dream of every great Italian from 

 Dante to Mazzini the unity of Italy and the 

 supremacy of Rome ! Rienzi despatched messen- 

 gers to the various Italian states, requesting 

 them to send deputies to Rome to consult 

 for the general interests of the peninsula, and 

 to devise measures for its unification. Tin -> 

 messengers were everywhere received with enthu- 

 siasm, and, on the 1st of August 1347, 200 deputies 

 assembled in the Lateral! Church. liien/i was 

 crowned tribune with great ceremony on the 15th 

 April. Hut the nobles were still bitterly hostile ; 

 Rienzi, who defeated them in a bloody but lie on 

 the 20th Novemlx-r, became suddenly infected 

 with the insolence of victory and jMiwer, and pro- 

 ceeded to levy taxes and enforce obedience. The 

 papal authority \vas tinned against him ; after a 

 short reign of seven months he lost heart at the 

 combination of forces against him, nnd fled to 

 Naples. 



Aftertwo years of religious meditation among the 

 mountains of the Abruzzi, Rienzi resumed bis life 

 as political reformer, and went to Prague to secure 

 the support of the emperor, Charles IV. Charles, 

 however, sent him as a prisoner to Pope Clement 

 VI. to Avignon, but by the medial ion of I'etrarch 

 he was released from imprisonment A new \xt\xs, 



