732 



RIO TINTO 



RIP VAN WINKLE 



(1852,1862. 1872, 1886,1887); Reform i:i..t-in II v !- 

 Park ( 1868) ; Trafalgar Square Kioto ( 18H6, 1887 ) ; 

 Tithe Kioto in Wales (1887). See 8. Hastings, 

 The Law rtlating to /?iol ( 1 886 ). The American 

 laws OH to rioto follow in the main the law of 

 England, hut are less stringent in their application, 

 iiixl les scxrre in the punishments incurred. 

 Ajnongst tin- most memorable riots in the l'iiitt><l 

 States were the Doctors' Riot at New York ( 1788) ; 

 the Astor Place l!iot. >lirectd against the English 

 actor Macready (1849); the Dnift Riots in New 

 York (1863); and the Anarchist Kiot in Chicago 

 (1886). 



Rio Tilllo. a river in southern Spain, in the 

 province of Huelva, near whose sources are rich 

 Conner-mines; the annual output (copper and 

 sulphur) reaches 1,400,000 tons ; these minerals are 

 exported from the port of Hnelva (q.v. ), 43 miles 

 distant hy rail, ne.ir the month of the river. These 

 mines were worked by the Komans their Tlmrxix. 

 During the years of Moorish supremacy they were 

 unused, Imt they have heen worked again since the 

 middle of the 16th century. They were liought in 

 1872 by the Kio Tinto ( London- Bremen) Syndicate 

 for 4,000,000. Some 10,500 persons are employed 

 in the works, of whom unhappily something like 

 10 per cent, are usually ill by reason of the 

 unhealthiriess of the work. See W. R. Lawson, 

 Spai'n of To-day (1890). 



Kioiiw, capital of the island of Bintang (q.v.) 

 anil headquarters of a Dutch residency comprising 

 Bintang, the Lingga islands, and other groups be- 

 tween the extremity of Malacca and the coast of 

 Sumatra. 



Riparian Rights. See RIVER. 



Riplcy, ( 1 ) a town of Derbyshire, 10 miles 

 NN K. nf Derby, with silk-lace manufactures and 

 large neightxmring collieries and ironworks. Pop. 

 (1851) 3071 ; (1891) 6815. (2) A pretty village in 

 the West Hiding of Yorkshire, on the NidcT, 3} 

 miles NN\V. of Harrogate. Rebuilt in 1829-30, 

 it has an hotel-de-vilTe (1854), an interesting 

 church, and Kipley Castle (1555), where Cromwell 

 is said to have slept the night before Marston 

 Moor. Pop. 291. 



Kipley, GEORGE, was born atGreenfield, Massa- 

 chusetts, 3d October 1802, graduated at Harvard 

 in 1823, afterwards studied theology there for three 

 years, and was ordained to a pastorate in Boston. 

 This he held tiii 2841. In the meantime he had 

 joined actively in the Transcendental movement^ 

 the first meeting of the club was at his house in 

 1836; and on leaving the pulpit he at once started 

 the Brook Farm (Q.V. ) experiment. This came to 

 an end in 1847, and Kipley removed to New York, 

 when he afterwards engaged in literary and jour- 

 nalistic work. He was joint-editor with Charles A. 

 I )ana of Appleton's New A nierinni < 'yrliijxea'iu. He 

 dial 4th July 



. 



ly 1880. See Life by O. B. Frothingham 

 in the ' American Men of Letters ' series ( 1882). 



Rlpon> a city in the West Riding of Yoi -k.-hire. 

 on the Ure, 23 mile* N\V. of York, 28 N. of Leeds, 

 and II N. of Harrogate. A monastery, founded 

 here in 600 by St Cnthbert and other monks of 

 Melrose, wax granted about 664 to St Wilfrid, who 

 rebuilt the cliurcli with stone, and dedicated it to 

 St Peter. Willibrord, the apostle of the Frisians, 

 was trained in this monastery, which in 678 was 

 made the sent of a short-lived bishopric, re-erected 

 in 1836 after a lapse of more than eleven centuries. 

 The licaiitiful minster, which from the Conquest 

 to the Dissolution was the church of Augnstinian 

 canons, was built lielweeii 1154 and 1520, so 

 exhibits every viiriety of style from Transition- 

 Norinan to 1'erpeirlirular. A cruciform pile, 206 

 feet long, with three towers 120 feet high, which 



lost their spireH in 1660, and with a Saxon crypt, 

 where a hole called 'St Wilfrid's Needle ' was 

 anciently used as an ordeal of chastity, it suffered 

 much through the Scots (1319), decay, and van- 

 dalism, but in 1861-76 was restored V Sir G. G. 

 Scott at a cost of 40,000. An obeltik, 90 feet 

 high, in the market place was erected in 1781 by 

 \V. Aislabie, for sixty years one of the two meni- 

 liers for Kipon, whose representation was reduced 

 to one in 1867, and merged in the county in 1885. 

 A free grammar-school was founded in I. "ill I. 

 Stinlley Royal, the fine seat of the Marquis of 

 Ripon, is 2 miles south-west ; and near it is Foun- 

 tains Abbey (q.v.). Ripon spurs, once so famous, 

 lielong to the past, but saddle-trees are still manu- 

 factured, l>csides varnish, leather, machinery. iW. 

 The municipal liorough was chartered by Jmiies I. 

 Pop. ( 1851 ) 6081 ; ( 1881 ) 7390 ; ( 1891 ) 751 '2. 



See works by Gent 1 1733), Waddilove ( 1810), W.lbran 

 (!Hh e<l. 1871), ami Fowler (3 vob. 1881-S8); anil on 

 the Cathedral by Archdeacon Daiiks (1899). 



Ripon. FREDERICK JOHN ROBINSON, EARL OF, 



was I mi n 1st Novcm I. ! 1782, the second son of the 

 second Lord Grantham. After graduating at 

 Cambridge, in 1806 he entered parliament as a 

 moderate Tory, and had successively been Under 

 secretary for the Colonies, Vice-president of the 

 Board of Trade, and Chancellor of the Exchequer, 

 when, having that same year been created Viscount 

 Goderieh, in August 1827 he became head of a 

 seven months' administration. He held otlice 

 afterwards as Secretary for the Colonies, Lord 

 Privy Seal, and President of the Board of Trade ; 

 in 1833 was created Earl of Ripon ; and died 28tlr 

 January 1859. 



QKOROI FICKDERICK SAMUEL ROBINSON, MAR- 

 yris OF RIPON, was l>orii in London 24th Octolwi 

 1827, and succeeded his father as Earl of Kipoi. 

 and Viscount Goderieh, his uncle as Earl de Grey. 

 Haron Grantham, and a baronet. Since 1852 he 

 had sat in parliament as a Liberal for Hull, 

 Hiiddersfield, and the West Riding, and he became 

 successively Under-secretary for War ( 18.59), Under 

 secretary for India (1861), Secretary for Wai 

 (1863), Secretary of State for India (1866), Ixinl 

 President of the Council (1868), Grand-master pi 

 the Freemasons ( 1870, which office he resigned in 

 1874 on his conversion to Catholicism), Marquis of 

 Ripon ( 1871 ), Viceroy of India ( 1880-84, where he 

 was popular with tlie natives, unpopular will- 

 Anglo-Indians), First Lord of the Admiralty in 

 iHKIi, and Colonial Secretary in 1892-95. 



Rip Vail Winkle, the hero of Washington 

 Irving'* delightful sketch (1820), an idle, good- 

 natured, henpecked scapegrace, who neglects he 

 cannot be said to cultivate it a patch of maixe and 

 potatoes in a small village near the Hudson River, 

 and who, with his gun and dog Wolf, his com 

 panion in idleness, seeks a refuge from the scolding 

 tongue of his sorely-tried but termagant wife in 

 the forests of the Cat skill Mountains. There he 

 falls in with Hendrick Hudson and his crew of the 

 Half MIMIII, who are playing at ninepins in a 

 secluded hollow, the balls as they roll echoing 

 along the mountains like rumbling peals of 

 thunder. Rip is directed to wait on them, and 

 while doing so tastes and returns to the liquor he 

 hands, till his senses forsake him. He wakens on 

 a bright summer morning, his dog gone, and a 

 rusty lirelock by his side; his l>eard has grown a 

 foot long, and in the village he finds new buildings, 

 new names over the doors, new faces at the 

 windows. His own house is fallen into decay, 

 his wife is dead there is a drop of comfort, at 

 least, in this intelligence and he who went away 

 a subject of George the Third has returned to lind 

 himself a free citizen of the United States. Hi* 



