T52 



IKM AMP.OI.K 



ROCHELLE 



Dinornia or .KpyornU, which, however, could not 

 fly. 



Rocambole (Allium Korodojiratum), a plant 

 of the name genus with garlic, onion, leek, \-c., ami 

 ncailv allied t<> garlic, which it resembles in its 

 habit', although larger in all its ]>nrts. The root 

 forms rounder cloves than those of garlic, ana of 

 iiiiirh milder flavour ; the umbels are also bulbifer- 

 .IM-. Uocambole has long lieen cultivated in 

 kitchen-gardens. It is a native of sandy soils in 

 Denmark and other countries near the Baltic. 

 Rocrella. See ABCHIU 

 Kocliil. a south-eastern department of Uruguay, 

 on the Atlantic ; hilly in the south, in the north a 

 swamp. Area, 4280 sq. in. ; pop. ( 1887) 18,494. 



Korhambeau, JKAX BAPTISTS DOXATIKN 

 iK ViMKfKK, CoMTE DE, was liorn at Vend6me, 

 1st July 1725, entered the army in 1742, was at the 

 siege of Maastricht, and distinguished himself at 

 Minorca in 1756. In 1780 he was sent out in 

 command of an army of 6000 men to supnort the 

 Americans, and in 1781 he rendered effective hejp 

 at Yorktown. He became marshal in 17!M, and in 

 1804 Napoleon made him a grand officer of the 

 Legion of Honour. He died 10th May 1807. See 

 his Mtmoire* (2 vols. 1809 ; Eng. trans. 1838). 



Rochdale, a thriving manufacturing town of 

 Lancashire, a municipal, parliamentary, and county 

 borough, on the Roche, 11 miles N. by E. of Man- 

 chester and 202 NNW. of London. St Chad's 

 parish church, on an eminence approached by a 

 flight of 122 steps, dates from the 12th century, 

 but is mainly Perpendicular in style. It is a hand- 

 some edifice, on which 10,000 was expended in 

 1884-85. The town hull, erected in 1866-71, is a 

 very fine Domestic Gothic building. The town be- 

 sides has an infirmary ( 1883 ), a free grammar-school, 

 founded in 1565 by Archbishop Parker, and rebuilt 

 in 1846, a free library (1884), a post-office (1875), 

 public baths ( 1868), a bronze statue of John Bright 

 ( 1891 ), and a public park of 12 acres. Still, many 

 as are the improvements in the architectural and 

 sanitary condition of Rochdale within recent years, 

 it is l>e'antiful only in site, and derives its import- 

 ance wholly from ite extensive and varied manu- 

 factures. To the growing of wool was added a 

 trade in woollen goods in the days of Elizabeth, 

 when cotton goods also were sold here, and coal- 

 pits worked. Under the Stuarts the woollen manu- 

 facture was in full activity ; but it was not till 

 1795 that the first cotton-mill was built, in which 

 in 1802 the father of John Bright liegan his career 

 as a weaver. Flannels and calicoes are now the 

 staple manufactures, but there are also cotton- 

 mills, foundries, ironworks, machine shops, &c. 

 Rochdale is the birthplace of Co-operation (q.v.), 

 and the menilwrsliip of its Equitable Pioneers' 

 Society ( 1844 ) has increased from 28 to over 1 1,000, 

 \\itli an annual business representing more than a 

 quarter million. Since 1832 Rochdale has returned 

 our- memlier to parliament, and in 1856 it was in- 

 cor|Mirated as a municipal borough. The latter in 

 IsT'J was made co-terminous with tlie parliament- 

 ary iMirougli, whose boundary had l>een extended 

 in 1H!7. The manor of Rochdale (Reftdam in 

 Domesday) was originally held by the Lacy% oi 

 Pontefract, and through their descendants, the 

 Dukes of Lancaster, passed to the crown. In 1628 

 it was sold to Sir John Myron, whose descendant 

 the poet Lord Byron (of Rochdale), sold it in I*-'-'! 

 I'op. of parliamentary borough (1851) 1.1 '.'"> 

 (1801) 71,458. Bee the history of the parish 1>\ 

 ,wick (1889). 



Rorhe, SIR BOYLE (1743-1807), an Irish bull 

 making M.P., created a baronet in 17S-J. 



RorlH'fort, HKXKI, whose full style is Victo 

 Henri, Comte de Roeliefort-Lmay, u stonny-pctrc 



>f French politics, was born in Paris, 29th July 

 s:cj. He studied medicine, and l>ecame a clerk in 

 he hotel ilc villc, but was dismissed for neglect 

 ng his duties, and now cast himself entirely upon 

 urnalisin. contributing to the ('l,<irii;n /, the 

 /*/'"'", and other papers, until in 1868 he started 

 iis own notorious weekly, l.n l.mitrrnr, which wan 

 inickly suppressed by the government. To avoid 

 ine and imprisonment Kochefort lied to Brussels, 

 nit returned in 1869 on his election to the < 'hamber 

 of Deputies for Paris. He now started the Mtirseil- 

 aise, in which he renewed Us Utter attacks OO the 

 mperial regime. One consequence of the cowardly 

 nurder of its contributor, Victor Noir, by Piince 

 :'ierre Bonaparte. was the suppression of the paper 

 ami the imprisonment of its editor. The fall of 

 Jie empire gave him his release, and opened up 

 a r61e for the frothy rhetorician in the government 

 of National Defence. In February IsTl he was 

 elected by Paris to the National Assembly, and 

 soon made public his Communism in the pages of 

 Le Mot tCOrdre. As soon as he foresaw the end of 

 ;he Commune, about the middle of May, he left 

 liis dupes and comrades to their doom, and made 

 Jiis escape from Paris. But the Prussians caught, 

 :iiin at Meaux and sent him to Versailles, where 

 le was sentenced to imprisonment for life. Later 

 lie was de|K>rted to New Caledonia, whence he 

 escaped in 1874. In London and Geneva he tried 

 to revive the l.tnifri-ne and influence the Parisian 

 press, but at length he was enabled to return hy 

 the general amnesty of llth July 1880. In his 

 newspaper, L'lntraiaigeant, he showed himself 

 as impracticable as ever, sat in the National 

 Assembly (1885-86), took up Moulangism, and re- 

 turning to France iu IS'.I."). published The Adventures 

 of Mi/ Life ( 1896 ; Eng. trans, abridged, 1896). 



Rochcfort-Slir-llier. a French seaport, naval 

 arsenal, and fortress of the first class, in the depart- 

 ment of Cliarente-Infcrieure, stands on the right 

 bank of the Charente, 9 miles from its mouth, and 

 18 miles SSE. of Rochelle, 89 SW. of Poitiers. It 

 was founded in 1665 as a naval station by Colbert, 

 Louis XIV. 's minister, and fortified by Vaulian, 

 being covered now on the sea side by strong forts ; 

 and it is a modern, clean, well-built place, with 

 which few French towns can coni|>are for the 

 number and importance of its public works. The 

 most celebrated of these is the naval hospital 

 (1783-88), with nearly 1300 beds, and an artesian 

 well 2758 feet deep. There are both a naval 

 harliour and, higher up the river, a commercial 

 harbour with three basins ; and Rochefort liesides 

 possesses rope-walks, cannon-foundries, and other 

 establishments for the manufacture and preserva- 

 tion of naval stores and marine apparatus of every 

 kind. From 1777 till 1852 it was the seat of a 

 great convict prison. Napoleon meant to take 

 ship for America at Rochefort, but instead had to 

 surrender to Captain Mailland of the BtlUrapko*, 

 15th July is]-,. Pop. (1S72)26,619; (1891 ) iS.Stio. 

 See Viaud and Fleury's Histoire de Rochefort. 

 See l.\ K.H-IIKKOI 



Rochefoucauld. 



Rochcjaquclcin. See LAROCHEJA^I KI.KIN. 



Hoi IK Hi. LA, a seaport and second-class 

 fortress of France, capital of the department of 

 Charente Inferieure, on an inlet of the Bay of 

 Mis-cay, formed by the islands Re and Olcron, ill 

 miles' WSW. of 'Poitiers and 297 SW. of Pans. 

 It- harbour, which consists of an outer tidal basin 

 and an inner wet-dock, is still sheltered by the 

 remains of Richelieu's famous dyke, and is sur- 

 rounded by fine quays, close to which lie the 

 principal streets and square*. Many of the latter 

 are regular and well built, and present a handsome 

 appearance from the numlwr of houses which are 

 adorned with porticoes and balconies. The most 



