KOI1ILKHAND 



KoI.ANJ* 



Proof* d* Collier (1889); the Mfmoira of Rohan's 

 eeretary, the Abbe George), u well u the books by 

 Bengnot and Madame Cainpan. 



With Victor Louis Meriadec, Prince de Rohan- 

 Guenn-nee. Due de Montba/on and Bouillon, who 

 died in 1846, ended the direct innin line. He was 

 succeeded by his two nephews, scions of a younger 

 lir.inch of the line (liicmenee, that of Rohan- Roche 

 fort, who had liven adopted in 1833 by his brother 

 Jules Armand Louis (died 1836). 



The line Rohan (lie, which sprang from that of 

 Gucnienee, was founded by Pierre de Rohan de Gie 

 (1453-1513), marshal and 'tutor of Francis I. His 

 -on fell at Pavia in 1525; his grandson, Rend I., 

 at Metz in 1552. The latter was married to 

 Nuhella d'Albret, great-aunt of King Henri l\ .. 

 whence the Calvinism of the family. Rene II. 

 ( 155O-86) married in 1575 the celebrated poetess, 

 Catherine de Parthenay, heiress of the house of 

 S.mbise. Their son Henri, Due de Rohan-Gie, 

 Prince of Leon, was born 21st August 1579 at 

 the castle of Blain in Brittanv, and at sixteen 

 came to the court of Henry IV., with whom he 

 \vai ever an especial favourite. He was made in 

 1IJ03 Due de Kohan and a peer of France, and in 

 liio.i he married the daughter of Sully. After the 

 king's murder a fatal blow to his hopes he liecame 

 one of the chief leaders of the Huguenot party in 

 France, and, when all endeavours to bring about a 

 peaceable settlement had come t<> nothing, took up 

 the sword, fortified the places in Guienne, held 

 Montnuban against the king, and at last forced 

 him in the peace of 1622 into a confirmation of the 

 Edict of Nantes. Thereafter he took his share in 

 all the tortuous intrigues of the time, lighting now 

 for his king, now against him, ever holding up the 

 religious cause, alike in times of open warfare and 

 hollow peace. After the surrender of La Rochelle 

 (1628) a price was set on his head, and he made 

 his way to Venice, but soon after was called on by 

 Richelieu to serve his king in the Valtelline, out 

 of which he speedily cleared both the Imperialists 

 and tlie Spaniards. He next carried his sword to 

 Bern hard of Saxe- Weimar, but received a wound 

 at Rheinfelden on the 28th February 1638, of which 

 he died at Kttningsfeld on the 13th April. But his 

 name survives best in his admirable Mtmoires, 

 three books of which (1644) embrace the civil 

 wars, the fourth (not published till 1758) the Val- 

 telline campaign. They may be found in Michaud 

 and Ponjoulat^ collection. 



See the works by Fauvelet da Toe (Parix, 1667), Schy- 

 bergson ( A. 1880), H. De La Garde ( ib. 1884 ) ; Biihring, 

 Vtnedio, Outtat Adolf, and R,.han ( Halle, 1885) ; Laugel, 

 Henri de Kohan, ion r6le pulilitint it militaire taut Lou.it 

 Mil. ( Paris, 1889) ; and the Edinburgh Review for April 

 1890. 



His daughter, Marguerite de Rohan, brought the 

 great possessions of the house in 1645 to her 1m -I -a ml. 

 Henri de Chabot, Marquis de Saint-Aulaye, who 

 thereupon assumed the name of Rohan. From this 

 line have sprung Charles Louis JoRselin de Rohan- 

 Chabot, Due de Rohan, Prince de Leon (Inrni 1819), 

 and his on, Alain, Prince de Leon (born 1844). 



See 8OOBI8E; also l>e la Chenaye-Desbois, Oenealoyie 

 de* Haiua Kohan (Prague, 1*7-' I 



Rollllklinnd, a division of the North -western 

 Province-, of India, lying west of < ludli, has an area 

 of 10,908 MI. m. and a ]xip. ( I Kill ) of .1,343,674. 



Rohilla* were Afghan Pathans who rose to 



jMiwer in Rohilkhand, India, about the middle of 

 the iHth century. The Mahrattas on one side and 

 Sliuja ud Datila of ( ludji on the other press.-d them 

 hard ; at last Shu pi. with the help of British soldiers 

 lent to him by \\arrcn Hastings, succeeded (ITT.'I 

 74) in sulxliifng them. See Sir John Strachey'i 

 Batting* and the Rohilln ll'<ir ( ( )xford, 1H92). 



Kolilfs. CKIMI Mm. German traveller in Africa, 

 as born at Vegesack near liremeii on 14th April 

 1832, studied medicine at IleidelheiL'. Wur/burg, 

 and Gottingen, and joined (18,V>| the Foreign 

 Legion serving in Algeria. Having learned Arabic 

 and made himself thoroughly familiar with Moham- 

 medan customs, he set oil' ilsdl i for Mm. 

 travelled through that country under the pi.> 

 tection nf the (Irand Sherif, and \\:i* exploring the 

 Wadv Draa in tlie Sahara (1862) when lie was 

 attacked by his own guides, plundered, and left 

 for dead in the desert. Two marabouts found him 

 and carried him back to Algeria. In 1864 lie again 

 visited the Sahara, getting to'l'nat and Ghadaii< 

 in 1865 he was in Fez/jin and Tilic-ti : in Isiili in 

 Bomu, whence he made for the Benne. and so 

 reached the Niger. II. accompanied the British 

 expedition to Abyssinia in 1868; and was then 

 sent to carry presents from the king of Prussia to 

 the sultan of Bornu. In ls::f ~4 he was com- 

 missioned by the khedive of Kgypt to lead an 

 expedition to the oasis of Shah (Jupiter Animon) 

 in the Libyan Desert. The German government 

 in 1878 sent him to carry presents from the 

 emperor to the sultan of Wadai ; but the exin-di- 

 tion was attacked and driven back by Arabs in 

 the oasis of Kufra. Tlie last public mission of 

 Rohlfs was to take a letter from the German 

 emperor to the negus of Abyssinia in 1885. Nearly 

 every one of his journeys is described in a separate 

 book e.g. Reise (lurch Marokko (4th ed. 1884); 

 Seise (lurch Nord-Africa in 1865-67 ( 1868 and 1 s7:i, 

 in Petermanns MitteMtingr u ) : l.nnd utid Volk in 

 Afrika (1870): Quer (lurch Afrika (1874); and 

 some others. He died at Godesberg 2d June 1896. 



I! oil t :ik. a town of British India, in the 

 Punjab, V> miles NW. of Delhi. Turbans are 

 manufactured. Pop. 15,699. Tlie district has an 

 area of 1797 sq. in. and a pop. ( 1891 ) of 590,47.">. 



Rokitansky, KARL, BARON VON, founder of 

 the school of pathological anatomy at Vienna, was 

 born at Kiiniggriit/. in Bohemia on 19th Februaiy 

 1804, studied medicine at Prague and Vienna, in 

 ISL'S was appointed assistant to the professor of 

 Pathological Anatomy in the university of tin- 

 latter city, and in 1H34 succeeded him. He like- 

 wise held the offices of prosector at tlie city infirmary, 

 legal anatomist to the city, and medical adviser to 

 the ministry of education and public worship. In 

 1869 lie was made president of the Austrian 

 Academy of Sciences. He retired from work in 

 1875, and died on 23d July 1878. Although 

 Rokitansky agreed with tlie old Immoral patho- 

 logists in so far that lie regarded the changes of 

 the blood as the chief immediate causes of disease, 

 he laid the principal stress of medical study upon 

 morbid anatomy, post-mortem dissection, and 

 observation. He stands pre-eminent amongst Ger- 

 man medical teachers as the one who established 

 pathological anatomy as the Iwisis of all original 

 scientific inquiry in the domain of medicine. Hi- 

 teachings were published in tlie great work llnnil- 

 biich tier /Hit/iolorjischeH Aii"/"iiu, (."> vols. ISI'J 111,- 

 :td ed. 1H5A-61 ; Eng. trans, of Sydenham Boototy, 

 4 vols. 1849-52), and in Mi-mori'iils of the Vienna 

 Academy of Sciences. See an anonymous Biography 

 (Vienna, 1874). 



Rokitno, a vast swampy region, now being 

 gradually drained, between the rivers Priiu'l. 

 linicper, and Beresina in West Russia. This) 

 re-jion is regarded by Posche as the original 

 home of the Aryans, whence proceeded the lake- 

 dwellers of Switzerland and the Po valley. See 

 ARYAN RACK. 



Kolaml (Hal. Orlando, Span. Roldan), the 

 name of the most prominent hero in the Charle- 

 magne legend. Unlike most legendary heroes, 



