ree 



ROMANY 



IJOMK 



Murger. The romantic movement in the tlm-e 



itllllll I ! - i- diseilKWNl ill till- url It'll"- nil I III- lit Claim ' 



i.l each (Kvil.isil I.UKKATfRK, Vol. IV. p. .'17."); 



CKitMANV, Vol. V. \>. IKX ; KIIANCK, Vol. IV. p. 

 789). The other countries wen- more or leas moved 

 l'\ the game spirit; see also ili<> ai I ieles on the 

 literatures of the principal countries. The influence 

 of Percy's Reliques i traced in the article BALLAD. 

 In (iermaiiy romanticism included with the love 

 of tin' medi.eval an affection for the oriental ; in 

 leli^ion it U-l winic of its notable representatives 

 to Catholic ideals and into the Catholic Church; 

 and in politics it was ass4H-iated with reactionary 

 conservatism. The aims of the romantic* in paint- 

 inn are defined at PAINTIXC;, Vol. VII. p. 700 ; see 

 also PRK-RAPHAELITISM. In music Wtwr has 

 been called the 'creator of romantic opera:' but 

 see OPERA, Vol. VII. p. 60S. Kcrlioz is regarded 

 as the type of French romanticism in music. 



See (under Idea) IDEALISM, REALISM ; Pater in Mac- 

 miUan'i Magazine, vol. xzxv. ; for Germany, the works 

 by Julian Schmidt ( 1848 ), Hym ( 1871 ), Bnndes ( 1873 ) ; 

 for Fiance, Stendhal, Racine et Shotetpeare (1823); 

 Gautier, Hutoire du Komantimu (4th ed. 1884); and 

 many essays by Sainte-lk-uvo and Soberer. 



Romany. See GYPSIES. 



Koine, the capital of the modern kingdom of 

 Italy, stands on the Tilier. al>out !."> miles from its 

 mouth. Koman legend ascribed the foundation of 



the city to Konmlux, at a date corresponding to 

 753 Il.l'. Hut recent exploiations have proved that 

 the site was inhabited in the neolithic and early 

 liron/.e pcricHl. The existence of a town with a 

 coiihiileralilt' |Mpulation at a time long liefore the 

 date awrilH>il by ti adit ion to (he foundation of the 

 city IIM~ lieen cstalilishiMl by the discovery in 1874 

 of a cemetery on the Ks<|iiiline ..... ar the railway 

 station, which oi.niaineil (lottery of the type usually 

 to the !Mh or Kith century B.C. In the 



time of the kin-- 7.".:', .".Id n (xx;upied 



seven hills, whose summits rise from SO to 120 feet 

 above the river ami the intervening valleys. These 

 hill- are Ix-lieved to have Ix-cn formed by sulmeiial 

 erosion of l>eds of soft tufa previously erupted by 

 submarine volcanoes. Of these seven hills live 

 the Palatine, the Capitoline, the Aventine, the 

 Cwlian. and the Esquiline Ix-iiiff more or less 

 isolated, were termed Mantes; and two, the 

 Quirinal and Viminal, lx?injx mere spurs jutting 

 out from the tableland to the east, were called 

 Collex. The Esqtiiline, however, is properly rather 

 a Collis than a Monti, being connected with the 

 tableland by a narrow neck. The Palatine and the 

 Capitoline, lieing the most defensible sites, were 

 doubtless the first to be occupied, and this accords 

 with the I toman legend, which makes the Palatine 

 the site of the primitive city founded bv Komulus, 

 the Capitoline being occupied by a rival Sabine 



Hap of Ancient Borne : 



The pmlUon* of a few of the more Important modern place* of interest an also Indicated ; the ancient name* being given In 



Italic and tho modern In Roman letters. 



settlement which, under Tat ins the Sabine king, 

 soon extended to the Quirinal, a contiguous spur 

 nf the tableland, wiMirated only by a narrow valley 

 from tin- Capitoline. We are also told that the 

 Aventine, which after the Palatine and the Capi- 

 tolino wax plainly the most desirable site, was 

 occupied by a colony of Latins in the time of 



Anriis Martins, the fourth kinj;. I'mlcr Sen-jus 

 Tulliiis, tin-sixth king, the Ksquilinc. together w ith 

 the- Viminal, which is a mere spur of the Esquiline, 

 is said to have been added to (he city. These 

 legends conform to the proliabilities of the case. 

 The settlement on the Palatine attributed to 

 was fortified at a very early period, 



