ROSE 



ROSE-CHAFER 



eor 



strains have been obtained of some of the leadin 

 favourites, such as Jules Margottin and Devoniensi 

 through ' sports ' (as it is expressed) of the old kim 

 which serve the purpose fairly ; and under glass o 

 in a very snug spot that Coryphaeus of yellow roses 

 Marechal Niel, affords a grove of gold. 



The question of stock must also be discussed 

 without acrimony if possible, though upon no othe 

 lias there been so hot a war of roses. For anj 

 kind that is strong enough in constitution t 

 support itself its own roots are the best feet anu 

 -feeders, ousting all trouble of suckers, and oftei 

 affording renewal by means of young shoots. Bu 

 many of the fairest and sweetest, especially of the 

 tea-scented class, require stouter sustenance, am 

 must be budded or grafted on a more robust variety 

 The stocks chiefly used by our nurserymen are the 

 Dog-rose, Manetti, and De la Grifferae ; and the 

 first is procured in three different ways from its 

 home in the hedges, or from cuttings, or from seed 

 .and each way has its advocate. Others prefer the 

 Manetti, a seedling Italian rose, as stock; ant 

 some, especially of the tea varieties, do best upon 

 La Grifferae. But as a rule the Manetti is a 

 treacherous foster-mother, affording brief vigour 

 and encroaching with deceptive suckers. What- 

 ever stock may be chosen, the nobler rose is 

 worked upon it, either by budding or grafting, anc 

 must engross the entire resources. 



Again there are roses not a few, of delicate con- 

 stitution or feeble habit, which should be grown in 

 pots and sheltered through the winter. Many also 

 of the stronger kinds are cultivated thus to bloom 

 in the winter and spring, and some are of little 

 value otherwise. But they must have plenty oi 

 air and light, and will not endure strong forcing. 

 The Tea-rose, Indica odorata, descended from the 

 Chinese blush and yellow, is grown most largely 

 under glass, whether in pots or border, and being 

 most lovely in the bud is especially fitted for 

 bouquets. Marshal Niel ( perhaps more correctly 

 classed as a Noisette of late), Niphetos, Catherine 

 Mermet, and Souvenir d'un Ami are at present 

 most popular for this sweet use. 



New varieties of the rose are loudly heralded every 

 year, and every season adds one or two lasting 

 names to the lengthy catalogue. But old friends 

 ;ilso pass out of date, and are no longer heard of; 

 i-ometimes from a real advance upon them, some- 

 times from their own relapse. About 1860 nearly 

 all new roses were the product of French nursery- 

 men ; but now we get many quite as good from 

 the skill of pur own rosarians. The crossing of 

 the flowers is a process needing both judgment 

 and dexterity. But the general grower will be 

 content to cultivate the established kinds, which 

 require no great trouble. Their abode must not be 

 overhung, nor beset with stagnant water, the soil 

 should be rich and deeply delved, and well-com- 

 pressed round the neck of the plant. Plenty of 

 . water must I* given in time of drought, and a 

 mulching of good manure is welcome, and the 

 ip-owth of leaf and bud must be secured from count- 

 Tens enemies by daily and even nightly care. Three- 

 quarters of the buds should be nipped oft' when true 

 dix-retion orders it. As soon as the first flush of 

 bloom is past, a little judicious pruning helps (lie 

 prospect of a later crop; for the winter there 

 should not be much shortening of the branches 

 unless they are threatened by the wind ; but the 

 general pruning remains for March. 



See books by W. Paul (9th ed. 1888, with 1898 supple- 

 ment), Dean Hole (15th ed. 18%), Ellwanger ( New Yofk ) 

 Baker, C'ranston, Rivers, Shirley Hibberd, Sawer; and 

 trench books by Jatnain and Forney, Singer, and 

 Lachaume. See also PERFUMERY, OTTO OF ROSES and 

 for the Roman de la Rose, see FRANCE, p. 786. Rose is 

 * name for Erysipelas (q.v.) 



Rose, SIR HUGH. See STRATHNAIRN. 



Rosebery, ARCHIBALD PHILIP PHIMKOSE, 

 tARL OF, was born in London, 7th May 1847, 

 was educated at Eton and at Christ Church, 

 Oxford, and succeeded his grandfather as fifth earl 

 in 1868. He entered parliament in 1871, acquired 

 in unusual measure the goodwill of the democracy, 

 and was everywhere welcomed as an elt'ective and 

 entertaining speaker. In 1874 liu became president 

 of the Social Science Congress, in 1878 Lord Rector 

 of Aberdeen University, and in 1880 of Edinburgh 

 From 1881 to 1883 he was Undersecretary for the 

 Home Department, and in 1884 became First 

 Commissioner of Works. In Mr Gladstone's next 

 short administration (1886) he was Secretary for 

 Foreign Affairs, an office he held till the fall of the 

 government six months later; but even in that 

 short period lie established for himself a high repu- 

 tation. In 1883-84 he visited Australia ; and he has 

 strongly supported Imperial Federation. In 1884 

 he moved for a select committee to inquire how best 

 the efficiency of the House of Lords might be im- 

 proved. He presented a magnificent swimming-bath 

 to the People's Palace in the east end of London, in 

 token of his interest in all movements for the social 

 improvement of the people. In 1889 he was elected 

 by the City Division to the London County Council 

 and was successful and assiduous as its first chair- 

 man till he resigned in 1890. He was re-elected 

 and acted for a few months in 1892, till the political 

 duties of an approaching general election led to his 

 resignation. When Mr Gladstone resumed office in 

 1892 Lord Rosebery again became Secretary for 

 Foreign Affairs, displaying, as on the former 'occa- 

 sion, a tact and firmness that secured the approval 

 of all parties. On the resignation of Mr Gladstone 

 in 1894, Lord Rosebery became the head of the 

 Liberal ministry. He failed to secure unanimity in 

 his cabinet and to conciliate the hearty support 

 of the various sections of his party. His govern- 

 ment lost the confidence of the country, and soon 

 after he resigned a general election (July 1895) 

 eturned an overwhelming majority for the new 

 Unionist government of Lord Salisbury. In 1896, 

 inding hw opinions on the Armenian problem more 

 n accordance with those of Lord Salisbury than 

 with Mr Gladstone's, he resigned his leadership of 

 .he Liberal party to obtain more freedom in giving 

 expression to them ; his view being that a European 

 var should not be risked on this question. When 

 ;he Fasboda difficulty with France became acute 

 n 1898 lie by his speeches strongly supported the 

 government as expressing the resolution of a united 

 nation ; and a large section of Liberals continued 

 look to him as the future leader of the party, 

 n 1878 Lord Rosebery married a daughter of 

 Uaron Meyer de Rothschild (died 1890). In 1891 

 ic published a monograph on Pitt in the ' English 

 Itatesmen' series. He is keenly interested in 

 Scottish history and Scottish literature, and as 

 jresident has taken active part in the work of 

 lie Scottish History Society. Two addresses in 

 onuection with the Burns Centenary were printed 

 n 1896. In 1896 a collection ( unauthorised ) of his 

 ohtical speeches was published, and in 1899 an- 

 ther of Appreciations and Addresses, dealing with 

 3urns, Burke, London, Town Councils, &c. The 

 rst number of the Anglo-Saxon (1899) contained 

 n article by him on Peel. Lord Rosebery keeps 

 n extensive racing stud, and in 1894 and 1895 won 

 le Derby with his horses Ladas and Sir Visto. 

 le is LL.D. (Cambridge, 1888), K.G. (1892), and 

 ..T. (1895), and sits in the House of Lords as 

 iaron Rosebery in the peerage of tlje United 

 .ingdom. 



Rose-chafer (Cetonia aurata), an injurious 

 teetle, whose grubs destroy the roots of straw- 



