ROSECKANS 



KOSKNKUANZ 



berries ami other plants, while the adults apoil the 

 (lowers of roses, atrawberries, and seed-turnips. 

 The eggs are l*iil in the ground ; the full-grown 

 grubs are whitish and about an inch and a half in 

 length ; after two or three yean they pupate inside 

 earthen cocoons. The adult.*, which are well able 

 to fly from place to place, measure aliout an inch 

 in length, are golden green above, coppery with a 

 tint of rose beneath. Where they are likely to do 



high, with linear leave*, and pale MnUh flowers, 

 growing in sunny places, on rocks, old walls, &c., 

 in tlic countries around the Mediterranean Sea. 



ami cultivated elsewhere OH an orna ntal and 



j aromatic shrub. The leaves have a short hitish 

 I gray down beneath, a penetrating camphor-like 

 odour, and a pungent aromatic and bitter taste. 

 They contain a large quantity of an essential oil, 

 "// of Rosemary, which is not (infrequently used as 

 ;i stimulating liniment, to promote the growth of 

 the hair, ana an a perfume. Spirit of Rosemary, 

 made by distillation of sprigs of rosemary with 

 rectified spirit, is used to give a pleasant odour to 

 lotions and liniments. Rosemary has been advan- 

 tageously administered internally in cases of chronic 

 diarrhoea, and of a relaxed state of the system. 



Kosc-chafor ( Crtonia aurata ) : 

 a, Urn ; b, cocoon. 



harm the adults and grubs should be collected and 

 destroyed, and recourse may be hud to remedies 

 similar to those used against cockchafers. The 

 'rose-bag 'of the eastern United States is another 

 beetle (Alacradactylus subsftinosiu), a voracious 

 pest which often appears in immense numbers and 

 destroys the flowers of rosaceous plants. 



Rosecrnns. WILLIAM STARKE, an American 

 general, was bom at Kingston, Ohio, 6th Sep- 

 tember 1819, graduated at West Point in 1842, and 

 was employed as an engineer until 1854, when he 

 resigned, became a civil engineer, and afterwards 

 engaged in coal-mining and the manufacture of 

 kerosene. In 1861 he volunteered :i- an aide to 

 General McClellan, won an action at Rich Moun- 

 tain in July, was commissioned brigadier-general in 

 the United States army, and succeeded McClellan 

 as head of the Department of the Ohio, and kept 

 Lee out of western Virginia. In 1862 he com- 

 manded a division at the singe of Corinth, and 

 after it- capture was given the command of the 

 Army of the Mississippi ; on 19th Septeml>er he 

 defeated General Sterling Price at luka, and on 

 3d and 4th October he successfully defended 

 Corinth against Price and Van Dorn. From 

 October 1862 to October 1863 Rosecrans was in 

 command of the Department of tin- Cumberland ; 

 in the battle at Stone River ( December 31 nnd 

 January 2), against Bragg, he by his personal 

 exertions converted what nearly liad lieen a defeat 

 into a victory, after each side had lost over 9000 

 men ; but at Chicknnmuga, Septemlwr 19-20, 1863, 

 be was defeated by Bragg, with a loss of 16,179, 

 although he held Chattanooga, and the Confeder- 

 ates lost 17,804 men. Rosecrans was relieved of 

 his command )>y General Grant; but in 1864 he 

 was placed over the Department of the Missouri, 

 and repelled 1'iire's invasion of that state. He 

 afterwards received the brevet of major-general, 

 and resigned from the army in 1867. In 1868-69 

 lie was minister to Mexico, in 1881-85 a member 

 DCOOBgnM, and in 188.5 appointed registrar of the 

 U.S. treasury. He died in March iv.is 



Koscmary (Rosmnriniu), a genus of plants of 

 the natural order Labiatne, and nearly allied to 

 Sage ( Sal via), from which it differs in its li lament - 

 having an awl-shaped tooth, directed downwards a 

 little above the base. Only one species is known, 

 K. ojficinalit, an evergreen erect shrub of 4 to 8 feet 



Rosemary ( Riiimarimu offifinalit). 

 ( Bentley and Trimen.) 



Oil of Rosemary is a principal ingredient of the 

 perfume called Hnni/<iri/ Water. The celebrated 

 white honey of Narbonne owes its reputation to 

 lieing collected from the flowers of rosemary. In 

 some places, by a confusion of similar names, the 

 totally distinct plant Costmary (q.v.) is called 

 Rosemary. The name Wild Rosemary is given 

 to Ledum pa/ustre, a shrub with narcotic acrid 

 properties. 



Rosciulale, a village of New York, l>y rail 8 

 miles SS\V. df Kingston, or (il miles S. liy \V. of 

 Albany, has a pop. ( I'.MNI) of 1H40 ; it is noted for its 

 manufacture of hydraulic cement. In 1886, 

 ' 



when the I'nited States produced 4,500,000 bairels 

 (300 Ib.) of cement, nearly one-half came from the 

 Ko-endale district, the rest lieing drawn ft oin Penn- 

 sylvania, Kentucky, Illinois, Colorado. Indiana. 

 Tennessee, and A la Kama in varying proportions. 

 Most of the American cement is derived from 

 natural cement rock, as at Rosendale ; the rest 

 being 'artificial Portland.' 



KosOIICJttll. or RosXKATH, a village of Dum- 

 bartonshire, on tlie S\V. shore of the Gre Loch, 

 with a palace of the Duke of Argyll. Pop. 2000. 



Roscnkraiiz. KAUL, philosopher, a pupil of 

 was Ittrn at Magdeburg on 23d April 1805, 

 studied in Berlin, Halle, and Heidellterg, taught, 

 at Halle as privat-docent ( 1828), and as profe.-soi of 

 Philosophy (1831), in 1833 was called to the chair 

 of Philosophy in Konigsberg, and there he died, 

 blind, on 14th June 1879. lie was a man of wide 

 culture and a voluminous writer, his works includ- 

 ing Enctfdopcuiie <lrr tlietiloyischen IIYxv //.</,, i/7 n 

 (2d ed. 1845), Psychologie (3d ed. 1863), ' 



