ROUERGUE 



ROUGE ET NOIR 



WM baUt (1485-1S07) with indulgence money 

 received for permission to eat butter during Lent- 

 hut i disfigured by a lofty cast-iron spire (487 

 feet) erected upon "the central lower in 1H76 in 

 consequence of an old wooden belfry, which bore 

 the date 1544, having been destroyed by fire in 

 1822. It contains in iU twenty live highly orna- 

 mented chaiieU numerous monumenU of _great 

 interest, especially those of Rollo and of his son 

 William Longsword. The heart of Richard Coeur 

 de Lion, once buried there, in nnw preserved in 

 the extensive Museum of Antiquities. Among 

 other noteworthy building* in Rouen are the 

 palais de justice (15th century), in which the 

 assizes are still held ; the hotel dev ill, , with ite 

 public library of 110,000 volumes, and its gallery 

 of pictures ; and the Hotel Dien, one of the largest 

 of its kind. The principal branches of industry 

 are cotton manufactures. htehuUnR tin- eheekM 

 and striped cottons specially designated Hmicn- 

 neriet, nankeens, dimity, lace, cotton -velvets, 

 shawls, &<. Konen hiis also extensive manufac- 

 tories of hosiery, mixed silk and wool fabrics, 

 blankets, flannels, hats, cordage, cotton and linen 

 yarns, shot, steel, lead, chemicals, paper, confec- 

 tionery (Sucre de JHHIIIIK-), &<. There are also 

 hipbnUding yards ami engineering works. Pop. 

 (1872> 102,470; (1891) 112,109. 



///.s-rViri/. Ronen is s|>ccially interesting to Eng- 

 li-lniien as the ra]iit:il of the Northinen in France, 

 and the first home of the Norman dukes. It was 

 the scene of Rollo's Itaptism an<l marriage with 

 Gisela, daughter of Charles the Simple, after that 

 monarch had lieen constrained to cede Normandy 

 under the treaty of Claire-sur-Epte (912), and there 

 he and his successors lived until Duke William 

 transferred his court to Winchester after the con- 

 quest of England ( 1066). At Rouen William died 

 (1087), and till the time of John it continued tin; 

 seat of government of the Norman pMMMfaai of 

 the English kings. In 1204 it was taken by siege 

 bv tin- Trench kin;; Philippe Auguste, and annexed 

 along with the main part of the duchy to the French 

 crown. During the wars of Henry V. and Henry 

 VI. of England it was under the power of the 

 Knglish from 1419 to 1449, when it was retaken by 

 the French under Charles VII. It was during this 

 occupation by the English that Joan d'Arc was 

 burned alive ( 1431 ) us a witch in the square of the 

 citv, in wliich stands her statue, and wliich is 

 called in memory of her Place de la Pucelle. Rouen 

 was the birthplace of Corneille ( 1606), of Fontenelle 

 (1657), of Boieldieu (1775), of Arnmnd Carrel 

 (1800), and of Flauliert. Clarendon died here. It 

 was occupied by (ierman troops in 1870-71. Sec 

 r,>ui|iict's Histoire de Kouen (1875), and other 

 works cited at NIHSMASDV. 



KoiHTtflU'. an old province of southern France, 



between Lunguedoc, Auvergne, and tiiiienne, ruled 



by count- until 1589, when it passed to the crown. 



FRANCE, Vol. IV. p. 770. 



It oil if <% a powder used to give artificial colour 

 to the cheeks. For commoner purposes vermilion 

 rubbed up with almond nil is employed, lint the 

 safer and better quality is iirepared from carmine 

 ( the colouring matter Of cochineal ), either alone or 

 mixed with the safllower colour. These are gener- 

 ally rablied up with French chalk, and supplied 

 either as powttH or, along with a little oil, in tin 

 form of saucers. 



JeiPfllrr'n rmi(jf i* an impalpable preparation ol 

 oxide of iron, obtained bv gently heating the yellow 

 oxalate of iron till it decomposes ; carl>onic aei<i 

 escaping, and only a red powder IMMII^ left. It i 

 linen for polishing silver, and for this purpose 

 should be of the finest quality. Many cheaper 

 varieties are sold under this name. 



Kouge Ooix, Dragon. See HERALD. 

 Rouge et Noir (Fr., 'red and black'), 



TKKNTE-UN ('thirty -one'), or TRENTE ET QUAR- 

 ANTE ('thirty and forty'), is a modern game of 

 chance, which is played by the aid of packs of 

 cards on a table covered with green cloth. The 

 table is of a form similar to that shown in the 

 figure. It is divided into four portions, each 

 marked in the centre with a diamond, the diamonds 

 lieing alternately red and black ; ami these quarters 

 are further separated, two and two, by Iwinds which 

 cross the table at it* narrowest part. At the end 

 of the table are a series of concentric hands painted 

 of a yellow colour (not represented in the figure). 

 The game is played as follows : one of the tatlleurt 

 (or dealers, who" manage the table, take charge of 

 the bank, and keep an eye on the players) takes] 

 ii)) his iK)sition at one side of the table, opposite to 

 the croupier (another tailleur), and unseals, in the 

 presence of the players, six packs of cards, which 



Rouge et Noir. 



are first counted, then shuffled by several tailleurs, 

 and returned to the first tailleur, who presents 

 them to one of the players to be cut. This is per- 

 formed by the insertion of a blank card in any part 

 of the pack, which is then adjusted, and the game 

 proceeds. Each player must stake his money on 

 some one of the four chances, denominated noir, 

 rtiiiije, couleur, and I'inverse, which will l>e after- 

 wards explained. After the stakes have been laid 

 on the table ( those for the noir being laid on either 

 of the quarters marked with a black, and those 

 for the rouge on either of the quarters marked 

 with a ml diamond, those for the 'coiileur' on 

 one of the transverse luids, and those for the 

 ' inverse ' on one of the yellow circles at the end of 

 the table), the tailleur takes a handful of cards 

 from the top of the pack, and deals first for the 

 noir, taking one card after another from the top of 

 the handf ill anil placing them on the table side by- 

 Ride, till the number of pips on them amounts to 

 more than thirty, when lie stops. He then deals 

 out another row in a similar manner for the rouge, 

 till, as before, the number of pips amounts to more 

 than thirty. In reckoning the number of pips, the 

 ace is counted as one, the other plain cards accord 

 ing to the number of pips, and the court-cards ten 

 each. It will thus l>e seen that the number to 

 which each of the two rows of cards amounts, must 

 l>c more than thirty and not more than forty. If 

 the value of the first row is nearer thirty -one than 

 that of the second, then the first row, or iioir, wins; 

 if the contraiy is the case, then the second row, or 

 rouge, wins. Conleur wins if the first card tabled 

 by the tailleur is of the winning colour for 

 instance, if the first card laid down is a ' spade or 

 'club,' and if noir wins; but if the first card dealt 

 be not of the winning colour, then inverse wins, 

 and couleur loses. Two (and no more) of the four 

 chances can be winning chances at one time ; and 

 the winning players have their stakes increasi d 

 by an equal sum from the bank, and then withdraw 

 their stake and winnings, while the stakes of the 



