RUTHIN 



RUYSBROEK 



of ranch importance, carrying on a large traffic <>n 

 the river, and embracing great part of Glasgow 

 within its municipal boundaries. It was the seat 

 of a royal castle, which was captured by Edward 

 Bruce about 1313, burned by Moray in 1568, and 

 finally demolished in the 18th century. At Ruth- 

 erglen, on 29tli May 179, the Covenanters pub- 

 lished a ' Declaration and Testimony of the true 

 Presbyterian Party in Scotland 'the prelude to 

 Drnmclog and Bothwell Bridge. The trade is now 

 mainly dependent upon that of Glasgow, uml it- 

 inhabitants are employed in the mills, print, chem- 

 ical, and dye-works, "and collieries of the burgh 

 ami vicinity. A royal burgh since 1126, it unites 

 with Kilmarnock, On. to return one member to 

 parliament. Pop- (1831 ) 4741 ;( 1861) 8062 ;( 1891 ) 

 13,061. See Ure's History of Rutherglen ( 1793 ). 



Kllthin, a town of Denbighshire, North Wales, 

 on the Clwyd, 8 miles SSE. of Denbigh by mil. 

 The 13th-century castle which gave it name (Cym. 

 rhyd-din, 'red fortress') surrendered in 1646 to 

 the Roundheads, and was afterwards dismantled, 

 part of its site lieing now occupied by a castellated 

 mansion. A grammar-school, founded by _Dean 

 Goodman of Westminster in 1594, was reconstituted 

 in 1881 ; and there are also an interesting collegiate 

 church, a county hall, a corn exchange, &c. Char- 

 tered by Henry VII. in 1507, Kuthin unites with 

 Denbigh, &c. to return one member. Pop. ( 1851 ) 

 3373; (1891) 2760. See Newcome's Castle and 

 Town o/Ruthin (2d ed. 1836). 



Itllthven. RAID OF, a Scottish conspiracy con- 

 trived and executed in 1582 by William, first Earl 

 of Gowrie, father of the chief actor in the Cowrie 

 Conspiracy (q.v.), in conjunction with Lord Lynd- 

 say of the Byres, the Earl of Mar, and the Master 

 of GlammU. The boy-king James VI., then under 

 the influence of Lennox and Arran, was invited to 

 Cowrie's seat, Castle Rnthven ( pron. Jiirmi) or 

 Huntingtower, 3 miles WNW. of Perth, to hunt ; 

 but the next morning (23d August) he found him- 

 self a prisoner in the midst of a thousand armed 

 men. He tried to get out, but the Master of 

 Glammia detained him, and said when lie wept, 

 ' Better bairns greet than bearded men.' Arran 

 was thrown into prison, and Lennox retired to 

 France, where he died broken-hearted. The Pres- 

 I. \terian clergy warmly espoused the cause of the 

 liuthven lords, who received the thnnks of the 

 General Assembly, and full indemnity from a Con- 

 vention of Estates. Nearly a year elapsed before 

 the king regained his freedom. His feigned acqni- 

 escence in TiU position led the confederates so to 

 relax their vigilance that, on 20th May 1583, he 

 was enabled to escape from Falkland to the castle 

 of St Andrews. Gowrie and the other lords made 

 their submission, and were pardoned ; but soon 

 afterwards a royal proclamation branded their 

 enterprise as treason. Gowrie was commanded to 

 leave Scotland; but in April 1584, while waiting 

 for a vessel at Dundee, he was drawn into a con- 

 spiracy to surprise Stirling Castle, for which he 

 was tried and executed. 



Rllthwell, a Dumfriesshire coast parish, 9 

 miles ESE. of Dumfries. Its famous sandstone 

 cross, 17J feet high, bears carvings in front and 

 behind of the Crucifixion, Annunciation. \c., with 

 corresponding Latin inscriptions in tlie Roman 

 character, and on the sides of scroll-work, with 

 runic verses from 'The Dream of the Holy Rood' 

 (see CDMOX). Dating possibly from almiit HO 

 A.D., the cross was cast down and broken in 1642 

 as a monument of idolatry ; but in 1802 was re- 

 erected in the manse garden by the Rev. Henry 

 Duncan (q.v.), and in 1887 removed to an apse 

 adjoining the church. See Dr J. Anderson's Scot- 

 l<i,xl in E'irh/ Christian Ti,iir.s (2d series, 1881). 



Itlltilc (Lat. riitiltis, 'reddish'), a mineral, 

 which is essentially Oxide of Titanium or Titanic 

 Ai-iil, although generally containing a little per 

 oxide of iron. It crystallises in tetragonal (orate, 

 generally as slender four sided or six sided prisms 

 and needles. Now and again it occurs massive. 

 It varies in colour from yellow to brown and red. 

 Sometimes it presents a curious interlaced char- 

 acter, known as Sageuite. It not infrequently 

 occurs as an endomorph in rock-crystal. A 

 rock-forming mineral it is not of much import 

 ance, but occurs generally as minute granules and 

 aggregates or prismatic crystals in schistose rocks, 

 gabbro, and other rocks. Massive rutile is used 

 to give a yellow colour to porcelain. 



Rlltlam. a small Indian native state in the 

 Western Malwa agency (see CI:MI:AI. INDIA), 

 with a pop. of 100,000. The capital, Rutlam, is a 

 great opium mart, and has a college ; pop. 31,000. 



Rutland, the smallest county in England, 

 bounded by Leicester, Lincoln, and Northampton 

 shires. It measures 18 by 15 miles, and has an 

 area of 150 sq. m. or 95.805 acres. The Gnash or 

 Wash, flowing to the Welland (which traces the 

 south-east lx>nndary ), divides it into two portions 

 the northern a somewhat elevated tableland, 

 while the southern consists of a number of valleys 

 running east and west, and separated by low bills. 

 Limestone is plentiful ; and the soil is mostly a 

 deep clay. Half the whole area is permanent 

 pasture, and woods occupy some 3000 acres. Towns 

 ire Oakham and Uppingham, and there are fifty- 

 one parishes. Rutland gives the title of duke to 

 the family of Manners (q.v.). Its representation 

 was reduced to one in 1885. Pop. (1801) 16,380; 

 (1801) 21,861; (1891) 20,659. See Murray's 



oi-t/iitiii/i/unshire and Jliit/nnit ( 1878). 



Rutland, capital of Rutland county, Ver- 

 mont, is on Otter Creek, close to the Green Moun- 

 tains, and 67 miles by rail SSE. of Burlington. 

 The chief industry is the quarrying and working 

 of marble ; the place has also several foundries 

 and railroad shops, and contains the state work- 

 house. From 17S4 to Ism Itutland was one of the 

 capitals of Vermont. Pop. I IsSIM T.Mi-J ; i 1S!K)) 

 8239; of township (1880) 12,149; (1890) 11. TIKI. 



RUtli, or GRCTLI, a meadow on the west side of 

 the southern arm of Lake Lucerne, the traditional 

 cradle of Swiss independence : here the represen- 

 tatives of the three cantons, I'ri. Schwy/, and 

 Untenvalden, took the oath (1307) to drive out 

 the Austrians. It is national properly, having 

 l>een purchased with the pence of Swiss school- 

 children, and is adorned with a monument (1860) 

 to Schiller, the author of Wilhelm Tell, and with 

 another ( IHSt ) in commemoration of the oath. 



Ruvo in Apulia, a cathedral city of Southern 

 Italy, --' miles \V. of Ban. Here, on the site of 

 the Roman Itubi, numerous ancient vases and 

 sepulchral treasures have been dug up. Pop. 

 17,728. 



Rliwenzori, a mountain in the centre of 

 Africa, just north of the Equator, between Lakes 

 Albert Nyanza and Albert Edward Nyanza. It 

 was seen \>y Baker in 1871 and passed by Stanley 

 in 1888, and reaches 19,000 feet in altitude. Its 

 summit is covered with |>eri>etual snow. Stanley 

 identifies this |>eak and some neighbouring ones 

 (Mount Cordon Bennett, Mackinnon Peak) with 

 the Mountains of the Moon of ancient geographers. 

 Rnysbroek, JOHANNKS, Flemish mystic, born 

 at Ruvsbroek near Brussels in 1293, was vicar of 

 s Cu.'lnle's in Brussels, but in l.V>3 withdrew to 

 the Augustinian monastery of Groenendael near 

 Waterloo, and died its prior in Ktsl. His 

 mysticism, mainly derived from Eckhart (q v.), 



