92 



ST LOUIS 



ST MARTIN 



tons shipped. The total bank clearings of the 

 same year were $1,158,602,359. The receipts <if 

 grain aggregated 51,134,544 bushels, and of cotton 

 5ft3,BH.'{ bales. St l.ouis is an important manufactur- 

 ing city. In tobacco it leads the world, the product 

 in IS96 amounting to 53,000,000 pounds. The beer 

 production was 08,007,358 gallons, and the value 

 of boots and shoes manufactured was 810,000,000. 



Its dry -g Is trade in 1896 atiionnted to $35,000,000, 



hanlware SI4. 000,000, groceries $75,000,000, furni- 

 ture $15,000,000, drugs and chemicals S->0,000,000, 

 and Units and shoe* $31,000,000. 



In 1875 St Louis was separated from the county 

 of St Louis and given an independent government 



of its own. The mayor and municipal assembly 

 constitute the gorennSf jiower. The bonded ,lclit 

 of the city lit the close of the ducal year ending 

 April 13, 1896, was 8-20,047,711. The payment of 

 this debt is provided for by a sinking rand, The 

 receipts for the same fiscal year were $12,041,401 ; 

 expenditures $9,578,326. The tot.-il ,, rssed value 

 of real estate in I.S'.Hi was $296,419,690. On May 

 27, 1896, St l^mis was visited by one of the ni"-t 

 ilestructive tornadoes on record. Property valued 

 at over $10,000,000 was ilestmyeil and 140 people 

 killed, while over 300 were more or less seriously 

 injured. Yet by 1S!(7 the damaged |M.rtion of the 

 city had lieen entirely rebuilt and no trace was left 



The Eads Bridge across the Mississippi, St Louis. 



of the great storm. See Billon, Annals of St Louis 

 in its Early Days ( 1887 ) ; Scharf, History of St 

 Louis ( 1885') ; also EAST ST Louis. 

 ^ St Louis, the capital of the French colony of 

 Senegal in Wast Africa, is situated on a smalllow 

 island near the mouth of the Senegal River. 

 Bridges connect it with X'dar Toute, a summer 

 watering-place, on the right bank, and with the 

 suburb of Bouetville, the terminus of the rail- 

 way, on the left bank. The mouth of the river is 

 rendered dangerous by a shifting bar of sand. The 

 great ocean steamers land goods and passengers at 

 Dakar, on Cape Verde, 100 miles to the south-west, 

 and thence they are conveyed by rail. Neverthe- 

 less, the place has a trade worth 1,000,000 a year, 

 gums and earthnuls being exported. The climate 

 is not healthy ; water is supplied by an aqueduct 

 7J miles long. There are a cathedral, governor's 

 palace, &c., and a public garden. Pop. 16,682. 



St Louis. See MAURITIUS. 



St Llicia, the largest of the Windward Islands, 

 in the West Indies, 42 miles long and 15 to 20 wide 

 with an area of 233 *a. m. Pop. ( 1898) 46,671 

 1200 whites and 2600 East Indian coolies. The 

 export- (sugar, cocoa, logwood, &c.) vary from 

 197,452 (1890) to 93,720 (1896); the import* 

 from 806,693 (18<jo) to i - i!to..-,:i ( iviiii. \iu.-h of 

 the island is high and rocky land, covered with 

 well-nigh impenetrable forest, and it contains ex- 

 tensive deposits of sulphur. The climate is in the 

 main healthy, a fresh trade-wind blowing almost 

 continually. The Island, discovered in !.">"_', was 

 colonised by the French in 1663 ; but between that 

 date and 1803, when it definitively became an 

 English possession, it five or six times changed 

 hands between France and England, by capture 

 or treaty. The capital is Castries (pop. 7000). 

 st Lucia suffered severely from the great hurricane, 

 with deluge of rain, of 1898. 



St Lnria Bay, a lagoon at the mouth of the 

 Umfiilosi River in Znluland. surrounded by unin- 

 habitable swamps. Cape St Lucia is a promontory 

 to the south of the channel which connects the 

 lagoon with the sea. 



St UlalO, a fortified seaport of Brittany, dept. 

 Ille-et-Vilaine, stands r,l miles NN\V. of 'itennes 

 by rail, on the estuary of the Ranee. The old 

 town clusters all over a rocky islet that is sur- 

 rounded with walls and connected with the main- 

 land by a single narrow causeway (Silloti). Forts 

 and batteries crown several rocks lying off the 

 town, and the defences are completed by an old 

 castle next the causeway. The harbour is safe, 

 but difficult of approach ; the tides sometimes rise 

 60 feet, and storms dash over the top of the battle- 

 ments. About the end of the 17th century the 

 people of this town reaped large fortunes by piracy 

 in the English Channel, ami the port was the 

 headquarters of the French East India Company. 

 Although its trade has fallen oil somewhat of late, 

 its harbour, which lies between St Malo and St 

 Servan, and is common to both places, is still 

 entered by 1286 vessels of 222,700 tons ( average for 

 four years ending 1890), of which 650 of 180,800 

 tons are British and 600 of 36,300 tons French. St 

 Malo exports potatoes, buckwheat, liarley, butter, 

 eggs, and fruit, and imports coal (173,200 tons 

 annually), timber, pitch, and iron. The people, 

 10,225 in 1886, are principally engaged in shipping 

 pin suits. The most noteworthy features of tin- 

 town are the cathedral (which lia* had no bishop 

 since 1790) and the museum. This to\\n has been 

 the birthplace of several distinguished sons, includ- 

 ing Chateaubriand, Maunertuis, Lamennais, La- 

 incitrie, and the sailors Duguay-Trouin, Cartier, 

 and I.aliourdonnais. The English bonil.anled the 

 town in 1693 and 1695, and in 1758 an expedition 

 led by the second Duke of Marlborough burned 

 several vessels lying in the harbour. 



Snint-Marc Girardin. See GIRARDIN. 



St Martin, one of the Lesser Antilles, West 

 India Islands, has since 1648 lieen divided between 

 France and the Netherlands. It exports sugar, 

 cotton, tobacco, mai/e, &c., and large quantities 

 of salt. The French portion, a dependency of 

 Guadeloupe, has an area of 20 sq. m. and a pop. of 

 3500. The Dutch portion, a dependency of ( 'uracao, 

 has an area of 18 sq. m. and a pop. of 4500. 



