ST VINCENT 



SAKKARA 



101 



Helen, Nero, Marcus Aurelius, Caesar Borgia, and 

 Henry III. Later books were Les Deux Masques, 

 tragedie-comedie (3 vols. 1879-83) ; Ancient et 

 Modernes (1886); Les Femmes de Goethe (1869); 



Victor Hugo (1885); and Barbares et Bandits. 

 Saint-Victor was reserved in temperament, and 

 indeed, to speak truly, was something of a cox- 

 comb. He lived an uneventful life, was for some 

 years General Inspector of Fine Arts, and died at 

 Paris, 9th July 1881. See the study by Alidor 

 Delzant (1887), which reveals to us the strangely 

 mechanical method in which he wrote. He first 

 selected certain words, spread them aliout his page 



ike colours on a palette, next grouped round them 

 other euphonious terms, and lastly strung the whole 

 together in a proposition. 



St Vincent, one of the British islands in 

 the West Indies, Windward Group, 105 miles 

 W. of Barbadoes. Area, 132 sq. m. ; pop. ( 1881 ) 

 40,548; (1891) 41,054, of whom over 3000 were 

 whites and Hindu coolies, the rest being negroes 

 and people of mixed blood. The island is 

 traversed from north to south by a chain of 

 volcanic mountains, which rise in the volcano 

 called the Souffriere (a violent eruption in 1812) 

 to 3000 feet. Many of the valleys are fertile, and 

 the shores are rich and productive. Only one- 

 seventh of the entire area is under cultivation. 

 The climate is healthy. Sugar, rum, cocoa, spices, 

 and arrowroot are the principal products. The 

 exports fell from 124,587 in 1889 to 67,392 in 

 1896. The imports were 98,212 in 1889, and 

 71,490 in 1896. The chief town is Kingstown 

 (pop. 4547), at the head of a bay on the south- 

 west coast. The island is ruled by a governor and 

 a nominated legislative council of eight members. 

 St Vineent was discovered by Columbus in 1498, 

 and was then inhabited by Garibs. These people 

 were left in possession down to 1783, although 

 Charles I. gave the island to the Earl of Carlisle in 

 1627. In 1797 the Caribs, rebelling with French 

 aid, were transferred to the island of Rattan in 

 the Bay of Honduras. St Vincent, with the other 

 Windward Islands, suffered greatly from a hurri- 

 cane of almost nnparalled violence in 1898. The 

 home government voted a free grant to St Vincent* 

 of 25,000, with a loan of 50,000, to relieve the 

 sufferers, who also shared in the fund of 43,000 

 raised by the Lord Mayor of London. 



St Vincent, CAPE, a promontory forming the 

 south-western corner of Portugal, off which several 

 important naval battles have taken place. On 

 June 16, 1693, Admiral Rooke was here attacked 

 by a superior French Heel, and defeated with the 

 loss of twelve men-of-war and eighty merchantmen 

 which were sailing under his convoy ; on January 

 16, 1780, Admiral Rodney destroyed here several 

 S|>:uiixh ships of Langaras fleet ; "on February 14, 

 17!7, the great battle of Cape St Vincent (see 

 following article) resulted in the total defeat of 

 the Spaniards and capture of some of their largest 

 ships. This victory frustrated the formidable 

 Spanish-French scheme of invading England. The 

 fourth naval fight off Cape St Vincent took place 

 between the fleet of Queen Maria of Portugal, 

 rniiimanded by Sir Charles Napier (q.v.), and that 

 of Dorn Miguel, in which a portion of the latter 

 troyed and the rest captured, 5th July 1833. 



St Vincent, EARL, Admiral. John Jervis was 

 >>"niat M'-aford Hall, Staffordshire, January 9, 1735. 

 Running away to sea as a boy, he rose to be a naval 

 lieutenant in 1755, and so distinguished himself in 

 tlie Quebec expedition in 1759 as to receive the 

 rank of commander. As captain of the Foudroyant 

 in 1778 he fought in the action off Brest, and in 

 1782 captured the Pegase of 74 guns, whereupon 

 he was made K.C.B. In 1793 he commanded the 



naval part of the successful expedition against the 

 French West India Islands. In 1795, now a full 

 admiral, he received the command of the Mediter- 

 ranean fleet. On the 14th February 1797, with only 

 fifteen sail of the line and seven frigates, he feft 

 in, off Cape St Vincent, with the Spanish fleet of 

 twenty-seven sail. Jervis determined to engage 

 the enemy, and the battle of St Vincent was fought ; 

 but it should be remembered that the genius of 

 Nelson contributed greatly to the success of the 

 day (see NELSON, Vol. VII. p. 432). For this 

 victory the king created Jervis Earl St Vincent, 

 and parliament settled upon him a pension of 3000 

 a year. After having, by great firmness, repressed 

 a mutiny oft' Cadiz, which threatened the loss of 

 the whole fleet, he was compelled by ill-health to 

 return home. He was soon applied to by govern- 

 ment to subdue the spirit of sedition which had 

 openly manifested itself in the Channel fleet ; and 

 Ins endeavours were eminently successful. He held 

 the appointment of First Lord of the Admiralty for 

 the three years 1801-4, and reformed innumerable 

 crying abuses ; and having for a second time com- 

 manded the Channel fleet, he retired into private 

 life, and died 13th March 1823. He was buried in 

 St Paul's Cathedral. 



See his Life and Correspondence, by Captain E. P. 

 Brenton (2 vols. 1838); the Memoirs of the Earl of St 

 Vincent, by J. S. Tucker (2 vols. 1844); James's Naval 

 History (new ed. 1878). 



St Vitus' Dance. See CHOREA. 



Sais, an ancient Egyptian city, called in the 

 hieroglyphs Sa, was situated on "the right bank 

 of the C'anopic branch of the Nile. It gave its 

 name to two Egyptian dynasties, the 24th and 

 26th, founded by natives of the citv. Sais was 

 important as a religious capital, and had a famous 

 temple of the goddess Neith and the tomb of 

 Osins. Towards the decline of the monarchy it 

 rose to great splendour. The 26th dynasty trans- 

 ferred hither tlie capital of the kingdom. It was 

 also a renowned seat of learning, and was fre- 

 quently visited by the sages of Greece. The legend 

 of the mysterious veiled statue in the temple at 

 Sais (which formed the subject of Schiller's ballad 

 and of Novalis' romance) is the issue of Greek 

 invention. 



Saith. See COAL-FISH. 



Sai v.'is is the name of one of the three great 

 divisions of Hindu sects. See INDIA, Vol. VI. p. 

 106. The word designate? the votaries of Siva, and 

 comprises different special sects, which varied in 

 number at different periods of mediaeval Hinduism. 

 See SIVA. 



Sakai, a town of Japan, situated on the south- 

 west of the island of Nippon, 7 miles S. of Osaka. 

 Before the rise of this town Sakai was the chief 

 commercial port of Japan ; its trade is now ab- 

 sorbed in that of Osaka. Pop. 47,631. 



Sakhalin. See SAGHALIEN. 



Saki (Pithecia), a genus of long-tailed American 

 monkeys of the family Cebidsp. Some species 

 (e.g. P. hirsiita) are covered with long hair, and 

 are sometimes called Fur-tailed Monkeys. The 

 Hlack Saki (P. satanas), from the Amazons, is the 

 best-known species. 



Saki, a kind of beer which the Japanese make 

 from rice. It is the common alcoholic liquor of 

 Japan. It is clear, and has a peculiar taste, which 

 Europeans generally reckon unpleasant. The 

 Japanese usually heat it before drinking, and pour 

 it into flat cups or saucers of lacquered wood. It 

 produces a very speedy and transient intoxication. 



Sakkara, a village 10 miles S. of Cairo, near 

 the ruins of Memphis (q.v.), and famous for its 

 eleven pyramids. See PYRAMID. 



