106 



SALIC LAW 



SAI.ISIUKY 



Being a bitter, it promotes appetite and digestion, 

 and therefore has a certain amount of tonic effect. 

 Its dose is 5 to 30 grains. 



Snlic Law. a collection of the popular lawa of 

 the Salic or Saiian Franks (see FRANKS), purport- 

 ing to have been committed to writing in the 5th 

 century, while the |>eople were yet heathens. There 

 exists several Latin texts of this code, and con- 

 siderable obscurity rests over its history. It relates 

 principally to the compensation and punishment of 

 crimes, and there is a chapter containing provisions 

 regarding the succession to what are called Salic 

 Lands, which seems to have been inserted at a 

 later date. Although the Prankish law did not in 

 general exclude females, the succession to these 

 salic lands, whatever they were, was confined to 

 males, probably from the importance of securing 

 the military service of the chief proprietors. It 

 was but a doubtful analogy that led the rule of 

 succession to Salic lands to be extended to the 

 succession to the French crown, and it seems to 

 have been only in the 14th century that the exclu- 

 sion of females from the throne became an estab- 

 lished principle. The accession of Philip the Long 

 was probably the first occasion on which it received 

 public sanction, and the fact that Edward III. 

 rested his claim on female succession doubtless led 

 to that instance being regarded as an unquestion 

 able precedent. See Lex Solicit, the Ten Texts 

 with the Glosses, edited by Hessels (1880). 



Salicylic Acid, C r H,p,, was originallyobtained 

 from Salicin (q.v. ), but is now mado on a large 

 scale from carliolic acid, to which it is very closely 

 allied chemically. It may also be obtained from oil 

 of wintergreen or oil of sweet birch, which consist 

 mainly of sal icy late of methyl. It occurs in small 

 white crystals, slightly soluble in cold water ; it 

 has no smell, but is very irritating to the nostrils, 

 ami causes sneezing ; its taste is sweetish and acid. 

 Salicylic acid is used externally as an antiseptic, 

 and as an application in some skin diseases. 



For internal use the SALICYLATE OF SODIUM is 

 preferred, as it is much less irritating to the stom- 

 ach. It occurs in small white crystals, has a sweetish 

 taste, and is very soluble in water. It is used very 

 largely in acute rheumatism, and controls this dis- 

 ease much more speedily and thoroughly than any 

 other drug. It is of less value in chron'ic rheuma- 

 tism. It is also employed as an antipyretic, and 

 has been given with some advantage in gout ami 

 in diabetes. It is depressant to the heart, and 

 if given in too large doses may induce marked 

 disturbance of the central nervous system, char- 

 acterised by buzzing in the ears, deafness, and 

 disturbances of vision. More severe results have 

 Keen noted, but they are very rare. The dose is 

 10 to 30 grains. 



Salina. capital of Saline county, Kansas, on 

 the Smoky Hill Kiver, 186 miles by rail \V. bv S. 

 of Kansas City. Salt <tnd gypsum are obtained 

 near by, and the city has Hour. mills and grain- 

 elevators. Pop. ( 1870) 918 ; ( 1890) 6149. 



Salina Formation, name given in North 

 America to one of the mbdividoiU of the Silurian 

 system, which appears to lie equivalent to the 

 lower portion of the Lndlow rocks of the British 

 series. See SILURIAN SYSTEM. 



Saline is a term applied to a very popular effer- 

 vescent powder used as a gentle aperient. It in 

 sold under all kinds of fancy titles, but essentially 

 consist* of a mixture of bicarbonate of soda, ragfcr, 

 and tartaric acid, with a minute trace of Epsom 

 saltH or chlorate of potash. 



Saline Plants. Those plant* which grow on or 

 near the seashore, in the water of the sea or of salt 

 lakes, or on the beds of dried-up lakes, and which 



are therefore used to a supply of salt which is aU>ve 

 the average in amount, and which therefore become 

 to a certain extent modified in form and function. 

 may if we elioose be called saline plants, but the 

 term is of no particular value. Few of them are 

 strictly aquatic plants, except the maiine Alga-, or 

 Seaweeds, which grow immersed in nail water, 

 either always or in certain states of the tide, ami 

 derive their nourishment from it through their 

 fronds, and not by roots from the rock to which 

 they are attached. Grasswrack (q.v.), howevei. 

 is an instance of a phanerogamous plant living 

 entirely and always immersed in salt water. Utlur 

 phanerogamous plants grow chiefly or only on tl.e 

 seashore and in salt marshes. Some of tin-. . 

 however, as the sea-kale, may lie cultivated ii 

 gardens remote from the sea," hut they UK 

 bcM \\hcn HIM. rally supplied with salt. AspMgM 

 is another well-known garden -plant which deii\.s 

 much benefit from similar treatment. Some of the 

 Saltworts (q.v.) and other saline plants \ield much 

 soda when collected and burned, and tlie produce 

 was at one time largely ini]Kirtrd into Britain from 

 Spain and other countries under the mime of Barilla 

 (q.v.). The dry steppes of Knssia and Tait.-uv, 

 having in many places a strongly saline soil, are 

 covered with a very ieculiar vegetation. Among 

 the ornaments of these steppes is H<iln,,<,</t mln ,n 

 iii-i/riiti'inn, a shrub of the natural order Lev.ii- 

 minosa>, often cultivated in gardens for its beauti- 

 ful rose-coloured flowers and silvery jiiay leave-. 

 Saline plants have their whole tissues impregnated 

 with salt. 



Snlilis (anc. fliiliiia;), a town of the French 

 dcpt. of Jura, 22 miles S. by \V. of liesaiicon, has 

 valuable salt- spring, which supply baths for 

 visitors and yield salt. Pop. 5252. 



Salisbury (New Sarum) and Old Saruin. 



Old Sarum (Sorbiodinnnn) stood about a mile 

 north of the present city of Salisbury. It now con 

 sists of a bare conical hill encircled with entrench- 

 ments, with a central mound from Roman tiim- 

 a castle and a place of much importance. Hera 

 Canute died, and here \Villiam the Conqueror 

 assembled the liarons to renew their oath of fealtv. 

 In 107-"> Itisbop Herman removed the bishopric of 

 the united sees of Ramshury and Shcrlioriie to Old 

 Sarum, and l>egan a cathedral, which was finished 

 by his successor St Osmund, who established a 

 chapter of secular canons and compiled the t'se of 

 Sni-inii, which was adopted throughout the greater 

 part of England. The foundations of Old Sarum 

 Cathedral are still to lie traced in very d.y seasons. 

 It was in the form of a cross, 270 feet long by 7(1 

 feet wide, with a transept of 150 feet. Old Sarum 

 returned two members to parliament until the pass- 

 ing of the Reform Bill, although at that time 

 there had for many years been no inhabitants. 

 Service was daily performed in a chapel until the 

 Reformation, after which the place was entirely 

 deserted. The desertion of Old Sarum and the 

 foundation of Salisbury or New Sarum were due 

 to the removal of the cathedral from the former 

 place to the latter. The reasons for the change 

 were the frequent disputes and collisions between 

 the authorities of the castle and the cathedral, the 

 exposed position of Old Sarum (the noise of the 

 winds often drowning the voices of the officiating 

 priests ), and the want of water. 



Salisbury or New Sarum is a cathedral city, tin- 

 capital of Wiltshire, and a parliamentary and 

 municipal liorough. It stands in a valley near the 

 confluence of the rivers Avon, Bourne, Wily, and 

 Nadder, 84 miles WSW. of London. The plan of 

 the city is very regular, it having l>een laid out as 

 a whole at its foundation in rectangular plots. 

 Water originally ran lhrou;;h most of the streets. 



