122 



SALT 



B A LTS 



Salt. SPIRITS OF, the old name for muriatic or 

 hydrochloric acid. 



Salt, Sll: TITUS, a public-spirited English manu- 

 facturer, was bom at Morley, near Leeds, 20th Sep. 

 tember 1803. He began business as a wool-stapler 

 At Bradford, and being successful started wool- 

 spinning in 1834, and was the lii.-t to introduce the 

 manufacture of alpaca fabrics into England. His 

 utilisation of the alpaca, which lirstcame under his 

 notice during a business visit to Liverpool, is one 

 of the romances of British commerce. As business 

 increased he concentrated his factories in a pleas- 

 ant valley, 3 miles from Bradford, on the Aire 

 (1853), and round these factories, which cover 

 12 acres, rose the model village of Saltaire (q.v.). 

 Titus Salt was mayor of Bradford in 1848, was 

 returned as member of parliament in 1859, and was 

 created a baronet in 1809. He died 29th December 

 1876. There is a statue of him in Bradford. See 

 Life by Balgarnie (1877). 



Salt a. a northern province of the Argentine 

 Republic, touching Chili and Bolivia, and nearly 

 enclosing the province of Jujuy. Minerals are 

 abundant, but have been neglected for agriculture 

 and cattle-raising. Salta is watered by the Sulado, 

 San Francisco, and Bermejo. Area, 45,000 so. m. ; 

 pop. 118,015. SALTA, the capital, on the Rio Arias, 

 535 miles by rail N. by W. of Cordoba, was founded 

 in 1582, is the seat of an archbishop, and has a 

 seminary for prieste, a national college, and a 

 normal school for girls. Pop. ( 1895 ) 16,600. 



Saltaire, a model village on the Aire, 3 miles 

 from Bradford and 11 j miles by rail from Leeds, 

 founded and built by Sir Titus Salt (q.v.), who 

 opened his worsted and alpaca factory here in 1853. 

 This factory covers 12 acres, and is six stories 

 high. The place jwssesses a church of Byzantine 

 architecture, hospital, school, a park of 14 acres, 

 workmen's club and institute which cost 30,000, 

 &c. New Technical Schools were opened in 1887. 

 Pop. about 5000. 



Sallash, a picturesque ancient municipal bor- 

 ough and seaport of Cornwall, on the west side 

 of the estuary of the Tamar, and -U miles N \V. 

 of Plymouth by a railway that crosses the Tamar 

 by Brunei's iron Royal Albert Viaduct (1857-59), 

 2240 feet long and 240 high ( the roadway 102 feet 

 aliove high-water mark), constructed at a cost of 

 230,000. The church of St Nicholas dates from 

 1225. The town, which was frequently taken and 

 retaken during the great Civil War, was disfran- 

 chised in 1832. Pop. ( 1851 ) 1621 ; ( 1891 ) .'.. 1 1 . 



Salt burn, a picturesque Yorkshire watering- 

 place, 4 miles SIC. of Redcar. It dates only from 

 the o|>ening of the railway in 1861 ; but, built on 

 lofty cliffs facing the sea, and possessing numerous 

 attractions, it has prospered greatly. Pop. (1881) 

 1646 ; ( 1891 ) 2232. 



Sallroats. a watering-place of Ayrshire, on 

 the Firth of Clyde, I mile ESE. of Ardrossan and 

 30 miles S\V. of (ilasgow. It was an important 

 seat of salt manufacture from 1686 to 1827. Pop. 

 (1841)4238; (1891)6895. 



Sallillo. capital of the Mexican state of Coa- 

 huila, I iv mil 'J:t7 miles S\V. of Laredo, Texas, and 

 603 N. by \V. of Mexico city. It contains several 

 convents, a small fort, a hull-ring, a number of 

 cotton factories and pulque-distilleries. I 'op. 

 25,000. See Mrs Hooch, 1'nre to Face with the 

 Mcxicnni ( 1890). Near it is Huena Vista (q.v.). 



Salt Ire. See HERALDRY, Vol. V. p. 662. 



Knit Lake f Ity. the political and ecclesiastical 

 capital of ('tub, is situated on the river Jordan, 11 

 miles from its month in (Jreat Salt Lake (q.v.), and 

 4265 feet altove the level of the sea. By rail it is 

 36 miles S. of Ogden, on the Union Pacific Rail- 



road (833 miles from San Francisco and 1031 fioni 

 Omaha). It was settled by the Mormons (q.v.) in 

 1847, and incorporated in 1851 ; it is divided into live 

 municipal and twenty-three ecclesiastical wards; 

 has an area of 12 sq. in., with corporate limits 

 embracing 50 sq. in. ; ami its shaded streets, 132 

 feet wide, many of them freshened by streams of 

 running water from the ncighliouring mountains, 

 are traversed by tram-cars (1S72), and lit by gag 

 (IST.'i) ami the electric light (1877). Brick and 

 timlier are the common building materials, and 

 wooden 'shanties' still keep their place even in 

 the principal streets. The chief public buildings 

 are the Mormon temple ( 1853-1893, 186 by 99 feet, 

 and having cost about $4,000,000), with walls of 

 dressed granite, 10 feet thick at base, and tapering 

 to 5 feet thick at the top; the Tabernacle, an 

 immense elliptical building, with a dome-shaped 

 roof resting on sandstone pillars, and seated for 

 10,000; the assembly hall (120 by 68 feet), of 

 rough-hewn granite, with seats for 2400 ; the endow- 

 ment-house, &c. But, though the Mormon influence 

 is still strong, other religious bodies also are re- 

 presented, and there are Roman Catholic, Kjrisco- 

 palian, Presbyterian, Congregationalist, and Meth- 

 odist churches : St Mark's Cathedral is a handsome 

 building. Other noteworthy edifices are those of 

 the museum, the Mining Institute, St Mary's 

 Hospital, the university of Deseret ( 1850 ; build- 

 ings finished, 1887), and the theatres and opera- 

 house. The mud-wall erected in 1853 bos now dis- 

 appeared. Something more than a lieginning has 

 been mode of manufactures bricks, paper, timlwr, 

 blinds, window-glass, &c. Pop. (1870) 12,854; 

 (1880) 20,768; (1890) 44,843; (1900) 53,531. See 

 Burton, 77i City of the Saints ( 1861 ), H. H. Ban- 

 croft's History of Utah ( San Francisco, 1889), and 

 the works cited in the latter. 



Salto. a north-western department of Uruguay, 

 on the Uruguay River, is a picturesque, hill-country, 

 watered by the Arepey and its many tributaries, 

 and devoted to cattle-rearing. Area, 4863 sq. in. ; 

 pop. (1895) 35,600. The chief town, Salto, stands 

 on three hills almost at the head of navigation on 

 the Uruguay, 306 miles from Buenos Ay res, and Mi 

 by rail N. of Paysandu. It carries on an active 

 frontier trade with Brazil, exporting goods valued 

 at $1,500,000 yearly, and has a granite pier, and 

 a foundry and shipbuilding establishment. Pop. 

 12,000. ' 



Salt of Saturn, a name for acetate of lead. 



Salt of Sorrel, the common name for binox- 

 alate of potash. See OXALIC ACID. 



Salt of Tartar, a commercial name for car- 

 bonate of potash in a very crude form. 



Saltpetre. See NITRE. 



Salt Raiiue, a mountain-system in the Pun- 

 jab, India, consists of two main chains running 

 east and west, and embracing between them an 

 elevated tableland. It begins on the south side 

 of the Jlielnm, runs west to the Indus, and vaiies 

 from 3200 to 5000 feet in height. Its appearance 

 is exceedingly bleak and barren, but not without 

 much savage grandeur. The system gets its name 

 from tin- inexhaustible beds of rock-salt that occur 

 on the edge of the plateau. Some 60,000 tons are 

 extracted annually, four-fifths from the Mayo mines, 

 a few miles north-east of 1'in.I Dadan Khan. Coal 

 and other minerals also occur. 



Salts constitute an extremely important class 

 of substances in chemistry, of which common or 

 sea salt (sodium chloride) may be mentioned as 

 the most familiar example. Epsom salt (mag- 

 nesium sulphate), Glauber's salt i sodium sul- 

 phate), saltpetre (potassium nitrate), Rochelle salt 

 (sodium potassium tartrate) are other well-known 



