156 



- \NTA FE 



-ANTA ROSA 



gradually (428,680 in 1887 and 517,918 in 1889). 

 The greater part of the trade is t<i and from Kng- 

 land, which supplier one-third of the imports 

 and takes more than one-half of the expoits. 

 Santa Cruz is being much resorted to by steamers 

 for re-coaling. See BLAKE, ROBERT (under 

 date 1657), and NELSON (1797). (4) Santa On/ 

 de la Palina is the capital of Palma, another of 

 the Canary Islands (q.v.); it stands on the 



-i, on a spacious bay. Pop. 6617. (5) Santa 

 Cruz, a southern territory of the Argentine Re- 

 public, between 46 S. lat and Cape Dnngcness, 

 and stretching from the Atlantic to the watershed 

 of the Andes. Area, 106,890 sq. m. It is, BO far 

 as known, a land of desolate plateaus, with little 

 water and scanty pasturage, where, however, 

 thousands of wild liorses range 



Santa , a wealthy province of the Argentine 

 Republic, stretching north from Buenos Ayres to 

 28 S. lat, and so embracing a considerable portion 

 of the Gran Chaco. Area, 54,790 sq. m. ; IM>P. 

 (1895) 405,360. The province is well watered by 

 the Parana and its tributaries. Agriculture and 

 manufactures are the important industries. The 

 largest town in Rosario. The capital is Santa IV. 

 on the Rio Salodo, by rail 7 miles from its port, 

 Colastine, on the Parana. It has also railway con- 

 nection with Hosario and Buenos Ayres, possesses 

 tramways and telephones, and contains a normal 

 -chool. a seminary, and a Jesuit college with 400 

 1 upils. Pop. 15,099. 



Santa FS the capital of New Mexico, is built 

 among the Rocky Mountains, 6S40 feet above the 

 sea, and 1327 miles by rail WSW. of Chicago. 

 The climate is very dry, so that irrigation is neces- 

 sary for agriculture ; and most of the houses are 

 built of adobe. It is an old Spanish-American 

 town, and is still a Roman Catholic archbishop's 

 see. Pop. (1890)6713. 



Santalacea*, a natural order of exogenous 

 plants, mostly trees and shrubs. The leaves are 

 undivided, sometimes minute. There are alumt 

 1 10 known species, natives of various parts of the 

 world, the European and most of the North Ameri- 

 can species being obscure weeds, whilst the trees of 

 the order occur chiefly in the East Indies, New 

 Holland, and the South Sea Islands. Sandalwood 

 (f|.v. ) is the produce of plants of this order. The 

 leaves of Osyris nejxtleiuis are used for tea. Some 

 species are used in medicine in their native 

 countries. Fusantis aciiminatiis is the Qnandang 

 Nut of New Holland. Its taste and qualities 

 resemble those of Sweet Almonds, as do also those 

 of the seed of the Cervantesia tomentosa of Peru. 

 J'i/riilaria oleifera, the Buffalo Tree or Oil Nut, 

 has a large seed, from which, in the southern states 

 of America, oil is obtained. 



Santalin, or SANTALIC ACID, the colouring 

 matter of red Sandalwood (q.v.). 



Santals. an aboriginal tribe of India, belong- 

 ing to the Kolarian family, occupy a Ion/ narrow 

 snip of country between the mouth of the Mahan 

 adi in Orissa and the Ganges near Bhagalpur. 

 In 1891 the total number of persons speaking 

 santali was 1,709,680, including Christian converts, 

 iiml 10,000 Santals labouring in the Assam tea- 

 plantations. They are fond of change, and prefer 

 to live on the edges of the great forests : when t lie 

 ground geta wellclcared ami cultivated they move 

 to a new site. In personal appearance they are 

 not unlike negroes, having a broad round face, a 

 broad flat none, a large mouth with projecting lips, 

 and coarse black hair. Their chief occupations are 

 cultivating the noil, hunting, playing the flute (in 

 which they are great proficients), and dancing 

 round dances. They worship the sun for llicir 

 Mipreme god, and after him a number of malignant 



spirit.*, whose evil inllnenre they seek to axtit. 

 'I hey are divided into twelve tribes, and their 

 village government is patriarchal in type. The 

 exactions ol the Hindu money lenders provoked the 

 ils to revolt in 1K.VI : the rising was not sup 

 pi. ---i-il without a good deal of bloodshed. Since 

 then this people have been allowed to exei 

 their own lorms of sell government, under the 

 supervision of the lliitish antlim ities. There is a 

 Santal grammar by SkreiWnd ( Kcnares, IhT.S). 



Santa Lucia. Se.-si I.MI\. Santa l.n< 

 also the name of a town of I'nigimy, 30 miles M\V. 



of Montevideo. Pop. 5000. 



Santa Maria. a town of Colombia, on the 

 Caribbean Sea, was founded in \~i'2~>, the second 

 Spanish town planted on the mainland. In 1834 

 an earthquake almost utterly destroyed the place, 

 which is still, however, a bishop's see and the 

 capital of Magdalena province, and has an excel- 

 lent harbour, formerly defended by two forte. 

 Simon Bolivar died close by in 1830. Pop. 6000. 

 See also SIERRA NEVADA. 



Santa Maura. SeeLEUK.\~. 



Santailder, a thriving seapoit on the north 

 coast of Spain, stands on an inlet of the Bay of 

 Iliscay, about equally distant from Oviedo on the 

 west and San Sebastian on the east, and by rail 

 316 miles V of Madrid. The bay on which it 

 stands is accessible to the largest vessels at all 

 times. The town occupies a picturesque site, but 

 is quite modern in appearance, and has lew build- 

 ings of note. Of Its former convents one now 

 serves as a theatre, another as a cigar- factory, 

 giving employment to alxint KKKI people. The 

 remaining industries are chiefly breweries, cotton, 

 paper, and Hour mills, iron-foundries, and ship 

 building -yards. The commerce of the port in- 

 creases steadily : the exports- Hour, wine, food- 

 stuffs, and meials have in some years reached a 

 value of JK898,000, and the imports tobacco, food- 

 stuffs, codfish, iron and steel goods, textiles, eoal, 

 petroleum, chemicals, timber, \c. a value of 

 t-_'.tHK),000. On the 4th November ISM a ship dis- 

 charging in the harbour took lire, and the conse- 

 quent explosion of 21 cases of dynamite destroyed 

 quays, whole streets of houses, and hundreds of 

 lives. Santander is a favourite, seaside resort in 

 summer. Pop. (1887) 41,s-. M .t. It was here Charles I. 

 embarked for Knglaiid after his trip to the Spanish 

 court. The town was sacked by Sou It in 1808. The 

 province, a mountainous land, with fertile trans- 

 verse valleys, is the seat of active industries 

 (cotton, paper, flour, lieer, &c.), and rich in min- 

 erals (iron, coal, copper, /inc. lead). Area, 2113 

 sq. m. ; pop. ( 1887 ) 242,843. 



Santarcill. capital of the Portuguese province 



of Kstremadiira. stands on the right bank of the 

 Tagns, 46 miles NE. of Lisbon by rail. An old 

 Moorish c.-istle, crowning a hill that overlooks the 

 town, was during the middle ages the lesidenceof 

 the kings of Portugal. It has a cathedral and 

 several churches ; the kings Dini/ I. and Henry 

 died here, and Ferdinand I. lies buried here, as 

 well as Cabral, the discoverer of Brazil. The 

 army of Pedro of Brazil under Napier and Villa- 

 tlor 'routed here the forces of the usurper Miguel 

 on 16th May 1S.TI. I 'op. 7500. 



Santa Itosa. capital of Sonoma county, Cali- 

 fornia, on Santa Rosa Creek, 51 miles by rail N. 

 by \V. of San Francisco. Its manufactures include 

 iron, soap, and carriages, and it contains a Met ho 

 dist college and another. Pop. ( 1890) 5216. 



Santa Rosa. ( 1 ) a town of Chili, on the 

 Aeon miles by rail E. by N. of Valpa- 



raiso. Pop. 6000. (2) A mining-town of Colom- 

 bia, in Antioquia, 8335 feet above the sea, with 



