Ifll 



>AKM'I.N -ToNKS 



SASKATCHEWAN 



IM* and 4 inches in diameter. Uund l.v a 

 foot. The ul u mucilaginous, slightly 

 nil acrid ; it luu no mneil. The root contains 

 crystalline glucoside, tmilaei*, a volatile nil, 

 twin. tarch. &c. A decoction, a com|x>nml decoc- 

 tion, and a liquid extract made from the root are 

 all officinal. Then* preparations act an diuretics 

 and diaphoretic*, and are used as alteratives in 

 vphiliv rheumatism, and some skin diseases. 

 Their value in much disputed, nnd they are not 

 nearly so often prewrilird an fonuerly. The root 

 of uemidttmut Imliou is also officinal, ami i- 

 oraetinMs called Indian SamAiwirilla. Tin- nit of 

 Smtlax tupera i- known iw Italian Sara|>arilla, 

 while loose of various specie* of Caret are known 

 as German Sananarilla. The form anyartUa 

 occurm in Lyte's Itotlurn* (1578), the word being 

 perhaps a MBOMagad "f tin* Spanish fwrfa or tarzti, 

 'bramble,' anil fmrilla, 'a little vine.' 



8ardrH StOBC*. a name given to the Grey- 

 wethers (q.v.) i.l Cornwall, and erroneously inter- 

 preted to mean Saracen sutnes, as the piles of old 

 mining refuse are calleil tittal-Surtrn and Jews'- 



leaving -" the theoiy that Saracen, .lews. I'l 



nicians had vMou^ht tin-re ; but really a corruption 

 of Celtic wonl. 



HarsReld. I'ATRICK, Irish Jacobite, had fought 

 abroad under MonmouUi, and in F.nghiud at Sedge- 

 moor a|(aiiint liiin, when in HWH he was defeated 

 in the skinniiili of Wiiieanton. and crossed over to 

 Ireland (he was member for Dublin county). 

 Created Earl of Lucan by James II., he drove the 

 English out of Sligo, was present at the battles of 

 tli- lloyne and Aghrim, defended Limerick (q.v.), 

 and on its final capitulation in 1691 entered the 

 service of France. He fought at Steeiikirk ( 1692 ). 

 and was mortally wounded at Neerwinden, I'.'th 

 July 1693. 



ttaranrt, or SARCENET, a thin tissue of fine 

 silk, plain or twilled, Used for ladies' dresses and for 

 linings. It is said to have been introduced from 

 the Orient in the 13th century. See KlBHoN. 



Snrlhe. a dept of France, north of the Loire, 

 formed out of the old provinces of Anjou ami 

 Maine. Area, 2396 *q. in. ; \<]>. (1866) 405,615; 

 ( 1891 ) 4-J9.737. The Sarthe Hows south through 

 the department, and the Loir west along the 

 southern border. The department is fairly level, 

 and the soil fertile. Essentially an agricultural 

 department, it produces wheat, oats, barley, and 

 potatoes, sends its geese, chickens, eggs, cattle, 

 and swine to Paris, is famous for its breed of horses, 

 and makes every year nearly 4 million gallons of 

 wine and 15) million gallons of cider, ('mil is 

 mined, and there are manufactures of hemp, linen, 

 and cotton textiles, paper, glass, leather, machinery, 

 The arrondissement* arc I.- M.III-. Lit h'leehe, 

 Mameri. anil Si Ciilai- ; i-:i|nl.il !.< Mini-. 



Sartl. '.n-M'i-K, musical composer, was born 

 at Faenza on 1st December 1729, and held the 

 office of organist to the cathedral of Faenza from 

 1748 to 1750. The success of two o|>eras /'.,/,/, 

 i Anivnia (1751) and // Kr I'attorr (1753) 

 brought him a royal invitation to Cogienhagen in 

 1753 ; and there he remained until 177"' After his 

 return to Italy he was successively director of the 

 conservatory at Venice (till 1779) and maeitro Hi 

 eaptlln of Milan cathedral ; in thin laM postCheru- 

 lum wan hi* pupil and awiNUint. During this (teriod 

 he ciini|NMpfl mime of hi* moot successful operas, 

 Le Gelant \'illnnt ( 17751. Iliulu, Snlnno ( 1781 ), I.r 

 Nottt di ftarina (1782), and others. In 1784 

 Catharine II. invited him to St Petersburg < in 

 ln way h made the acquaintance- of Mozart at 

 Vienna. Hi* most notable productions wliiNi in 

 Russia were the opera ArmUm (1786) and a Te 

 Deum in celebration of the taking of OtchakofT, 



in which real fireworks and cannon were discharged 

 t<> li-i-liti'ii tlu> realism. Sarti died at Berlin, on 

 his way home to It*ly, on 28th July 1802. He 

 OOByoMd, in ji.liliiion to njH-ratic music, several 

 masse*, sonatas, and other pifn . 



Narlo, \Mn:i \ PI i. a painter of Florence, 

 where he was Urn in 1487 or I486. The family 

 name was Vannucrhi ; and Andrea was nieklUUDM 

 Sart4i ('the tailor's son') from his fatlieiM 

 ix-i-iipatUm. He Ktudied under one or two Flon-n- 

 tine painteiv, ami gaininl greatly l.y ropying from 

 I/eonardo da Vinri und Michelangelo, In 1500-14 

 he wat engaxi'd by the Serviten in Kloiriirr lo 

 piiint for their chuivli of the Annunciation a seiir- 

 ol wvi-n frescoes, of which the first four illustnit. .1 

 the life of St Philip |!eni//.i, the founder of the order; 

 the two last, depicting the ' Nativity of the Virgin ' 

 and 'Journey of the Three Kiti^s,' me esteemed 

 the best in the series. During the next eleven 

 years he painted a second series of frescoes, those 

 illustrating the Life of John the liupti-i and in- 

 tended for the elointera of the HecolleU or Bare- 

 footed Friars. But in 1518 he accepted the invita- 

 tion of Francis I. of France and went to Paris, and 

 was warmly received. In the following year he 

 returned to Italy with a commission from the king 

 to purchase works of art ; but Andrea squandered 

 the money entrusted to him, and so dared not 

 return to France. The rest of his life was spent 

 at Florence, where he died of the plague on 22d 

 January 1531. The most celebrated of the single 

 mature* painted by Andrea are the ' Madonna del 

 Sacco,' for the Servites ; the 'Last Supper,' for S. 

 Salvi near Florence ; the ' Madonna with the 

 Harpies,' now in the I'flizi ; the 'Fathers of the 

 Church Disputing,' an altar-piece, likewise in the 

 1" lli/i ; a Pieta, now at Vienna ; a copy of Raphael's 

 portrait of Leo X., which deceived even Giulio 

 Komano into believing it was the original, although 

 he himself had had a hand in that original ; and 

 two fine Annunciations, in the Pitti Palace at 

 Florence. Andrea was a rapid worker, had a 

 quick, sure brush, excelled in accurate drawing, 

 and displayed a refined feeling for harmonies of 

 colour, but, though called 'the Faultless,' lacks 

 the elevation and spiritual imagination of the 

 greatest masters. 



See Crowe and Cavalcuelle, Painting in Italy; sad 

 Life by Von Keumont ( Leip. 1835), and by JunUchek, 

 in Dohme'* Kunil und Kunitler, part iii. 



Sarlorls, ADELAIDE. See KEMBLE. 



Snrls, a name pven to the settled inhabitants, 

 whether agricultiiriHU or trailers, as distinguished 

 from t lie iiom:td inhabitants of Turkestan, Afghan- 

 i-uin. Persia, and the adjacent regions of Asia. 

 Strictly H|>eaking, the name has no ethnolopeal 

 hignilicance, though it is often used, but incor- 

 rectly, to designate the Arynn aWigines of those 

 same regions, properly called Tajiks. 



Sarum. See SALISBURY, LITURGY. 



Snr/.nna. a city of Northern Italy, 8 miles by 

 rail E. of Spezia. It has a cathedral' ( 1355-1470), 

 and an ancient fortress ( now a prison ), and is the 

 birthplace of Pope Nicholas V. Pop. 4016. 



Saftin. See ANTELOPES. 



Knslno. See INKKFTMKNT. 



Saskatch'ewan, a large river of British North 

 America, draws its waters from the Hocky Moun- 

 tains, and is formed l.y two head-waters called the 

 South and North Branches. The North Branch 

 rises among the glaciers near Mount Hooker, the 

 South Branch in the very north of Montana. The 

 former has a course of 770, the latter of 810 miles, 

 liefore they meet at about 105 W. long, and 53' 

 15' N. hit. The river then Hows east 282 miles to 

 Lake Winnipeg, from which its waters are carried 



