ITS 



>AI< KS 



8AUMUR 



horny knob* on their foreheads, and small tails. 

 Tbe satyr* are of course M-IIMIO! in their inclina 

 liana, and ravinber* of the woodland nymphs, fond 

 of uiukir, l-~^ift l win.-, and of the deep slumbers | 

 llml follow a debaurh. To men thc\ were mostly 

 inimical. Tbe Roman IKH-IR identified tin-in with 

 the >'CIMH< of tlu-ir own mythology, lll "l K* re them 

 larger born* and those #1*1*' feel with whit-li tln-y 

 .,., ... ... ., .. . . ..<. -...|MS- AI..-I.-I.; 

 ~-iilptiirv wa fond f the Satyr as a subject ; 

 tin- older si\ ts were called Sileni, and were repre- 

 MBted as already described : the younger had 

 a baniUonirr and more plea-inn t-x tenor e-g. 

 Praxiteles' famous Satyr at Athens. 



Kaurr*. See DIET, Vol. III. p. SOW. 



Haurliirluirn. See JAMES III. 



Sniu-rkruuC, a preparation of the common 

 while cabbage, in extensive use in Germany and 

 the north of Europe. The cabbages are gathered 

 when they have funned firm white hearts, are 

 sliced or cut fine, and then placed in a succession 

 of thin layer* in a cask, each layer being sprinkled 

 with fine salt, to which some add juniper-berries, , 

 cumin-seed, caraway-seeds, or other condiment. A 

 board is placed on tlie top, with a heavy weight, so 

 as to press the whole down firmly, but gently ; and 

 ere long fermentation takes place. Sauerkraut is 

 generally eaten boiled, in the same way as fresh 

 cabbage, but is sometime* sweetened. Sauerkraut 

 is also made of red cabbage. 



.8MKOr. See SAGAR. 



Hani, the first kjng of Israel, was the son of 

 Kish, a wealthy chief of the trilie of Benjamin. 

 The circumstances that marked hix election to the 

 royal dignity are familiar to all readers of Scrip- 

 tare. Gigantic in stature, nohle in mien, and im- 

 perious in character, he was admirably fitted to 

 accompli*)! the tank of consolidating the tribes of 

 Israel. His earlier achievement* augured hope- 

 fully for bis future. The deliverance of the men 

 of .labe-h Gilead, alxive all his victories over the 

 Philistines, Ammonites, and Amalekites, were un- 

 mistakable proofs of his military capacity ; but 

 gradually there showed itself in the nature of the 

 man a wild perversity 'an evil spirit of God ' it is 

 called which found vent, along with other forms, 

 in a mod jealousy of David, his son-in-law and the 

 chief of hix Ixxfyguard, and culminated in par- 

 oxysms of insane rage, which led him to attempt 

 David's life with his own hand, and to commit 

 xuch frightful deeds as the massacre of the prieste 

 of Nob. Saul had, however, apparently the strong 

 opposition of the priestly clans to contend against, 

 for at length Samuel retired from court, and 

 secretly anointed David as king; see the article 

 SAMUEL. Haul fell in a disastrous and bloody 

 battle with the Philistines on Mount Gilboa. The 

 Afghan* claim to be descended from Saul. 



Haulry. FKUCIK.N CAIONART UK, numismatist, 

 was born at Lille, 19th March 1807, became an 

 artillery officer, and after lecturing for a few terms 

 on mechanics, wan made kcejier of the artillery 

 museum in Paris in 1842. A member of the 

 Academy and a senator, he travelled in Iceland 

 anil Greenland, and subsequently in Syria and 

 Palestine. Besides innumerable works on numis- 

 matics (Roman, Greek, Carthaginian, French. \-c. ) 

 be wrote a description of the Dead Sea in which 

 there were many discoveries noted (1852-54), a 

 Voyage en Trrrt Saintt (1868), the illustrated 

 Jerusalem (1881), and books on Julius Cnwar in 

 Gaul and on Jewish history. He died at Paris, 

 4th November IK80. 



Hailll Mir Jlarle(pron.Soo),aportof Ontario, 

 on the St Mary Kiver, near the outlet of Lake 

 Superior, 622 miles by rail W. of Montreal. A 



canal aioid- the obstruction caused by the rapids 



I VIM//), and nearly three ti s "x many boats pass 



a>t In OIIM)I the Sue/ Canal (annual tonnage, 8,500,000 

 ton- A line iron bridge connect.- the C. I'. Railway 

 with lines l.i Duliith, Si 1'aiil, \c., I'.S. A. Here 

 are Indian schools for boys and girls. Pop. 1000. 



Sauinarcz. .IAMKS. HAKOX UK, English naval 

 commander, was Isnn at St l'eter-1'ort, in Guernsey, 

 on llth March 17.">7. He entered the navy as 

 midshipman :it the age of thirteen, and served in 

 the American war (1774-82), for his gallantry at 

 the attack of Charleston ( ITT.'n liein<: promoted to 

 lieutenant. He did good service in the action 

 against a Dutch convoy licet oil the Dogger Honk 

 (August 17S1), and WM made commander, lieing 

 soon afterwards placed under the orders of Admiral 

 Kcmpenfcldt on the Jamaica station. In the great 

 light lietween Hodney and De Grasse (12(li April 

 1782) Saumarez commanded the Ruxsell, a line of- 

 battle ship, and gained much ilistinction by his 

 c.Hilness and intrepidity. For his gallant capture 

 on 20th Octolier 1793 of the French frigate La Rt- 

 union, with one inferior in size and equipment, he 

 received the honour of knighthood ; and in com 

 mand of the Orion he served under Lord Bridport 

 at the battle of L'Orient, June 23, 1795. He also 

 took a prominent part in the battle off Cape St 

 Vincent (February 14, 1797), and was second in 

 command at the battle of the Nile, in which he 

 was severely wounded. In 1801 he was created a 

 Iwvronet anil vice-admiral, and in the same year 

 fought his greatest action, off Cadiz (July 12). 

 defeating a French-Spanish fleet of fourteen ships 

 with a squadron of only six, causing to the enemy 

 a loss of 3000 men anil three ships. This contest, 

 than which, according to Nelson, 'a greater was 

 never fought,' gained for Saumarez the Order of 

 the Bath, the freedom of the city of London, and 

 the thanks of parliament. In the war that broke 

 out between Sweden and Russia in 1809 he com- 

 manded the English Baltic fleet that was sent to 

 the assistance of the Swedes. In 1814 he was pro- 

 moted to the rank of admiral, to that of vice- 

 admiral of Great Britain in 1821, was created a 

 peer in 1831, and died in Guernsey, 9th October 

 1836. See Sir John Ross, Memoirs of Admiral 

 Lord de Saumarez (2 vols. 1838). 



Siillliilir. a town of France, dept. Maine-et- 

 Loire, on the left hank of the Loire and on an 

 island in it, 38 miles by rail W. by S. of Tours. 

 The most prominent building are an old castle 

 (now arsenal and powder magazine), the 16th- 

 century town-house, some interesting churches, 

 and private houses of good French architecture. 

 There are a town museum and a cavalry school 

 with some 400 pupils. Rosaries and articles in 

 enamel are manufactured. Pop. 14,867. Saumiir 

 was a stronghold of the Protestants during the 



reign of Henry IV., at which ti it contained 



25,000 inhabitants. It* prosperity was annihilated 

 by the revocation of the Edict of Nantes, and its 

 population reduced to a fourth. From 1598 till 

 1685 it was the seat of a famous school of 1'rotes- 

 tant theology, the most conspicuous profewHirs 

 lieing John Cameron of Glasgow (1577-1625) ami 

 his pupil- Amyraut (or Amyraldus, 1596 1664) and 

 Cappel (1585-1658). The school was noted for its 

 freedom in biblical criticism and its less rigid 

 doctrine of the divine decrees; it was even de 

 nounced by the opposing school of Sedan as hercti 

 cal for teaching a hypothetical univerealism the 

 view that God had not by arbitrary decree excluded 

 any from lieing saved by the death of Christ. 

 Saimmr was brilliantly captured by Larochejaque- 

 lein and the Vendeans'in the summer of 1793. The 

 largest dolmen in France is U mile south of the 

 town ; and prehistoric caves line the river close by. 



