SAVANNAH 



SAVILE 



175 



Carolina, and flows south-south-east to the Atlan- 

 tic. Its length is 450 miles, and it is navigable 

 from November to June for large vessels to Savan- 

 nah, for steamboats of 150 tons to Augusta. 



Savannah, a city and port of Georgia, capital 

 of Chatham county, stretches several miles along 

 the south bank of the Savannah River, 18 miles 

 from its mouth, and 115 miles by rail SW. of 

 Charleston. It is built on a sandy plain, 40 feet 

 almve the river, with broad streets shaded by 

 beautiful trees. The dozens of commodious parks 

 are a delightful feature of the place ; and almost 

 in the centre of the city is Foray tn Place ( 30 acres ), 

 thickly planted with forest pines. Here is a monu- 

 ment to the Confederate dead ; and others in the 

 city commemorate General Nathanael Greene and 

 Count Piilaski, who fell here. Savannah has 

 tramways, gas, and electric light, and many hand- 

 some private houses. The chief edifices are the 

 custom-house, city exchange, cotton exchange, 

 court-house, Hodgson Hall, the Telfair Academy 

 of Arts and Sciences, a Roman Catholic cathedral, 

 the Independent Presbyterian Church, Christ 

 Church, on the site of the chapel where John 

 Wesley first ministered to the colonists, and the 

 hospitals and asylums. The coloured people 

 have churches and good schools for themselves. 

 Savannah has long been the first naval stores sta- 

 tion and the second port in the United States in 

 respect of the quantity of cotton exported ; this has 

 a value annually of from $15,000,000 to $25,000,000. 

 Other articles of export are spirits of turj>eiitine 

 (value about $3,000,000), resin ($2,000,000), lumber, 

 and cotton-seed. Value of all about $25,000,000 

 annually. The annual value of imports is alxnit 

 $400,000, including principally fertilizers, brim- 

 stone, fruit, cotton ties, ami salt. More than half 

 of the foreign trade is with Germany and Britain. 

 The entire business of the port for the fiscal 

 year 1894-95 was $21,813,440. River and harlmr 

 improvement* provided a channel of 24 feet, subse- 

 quently deepen&l to 28 feet, and over six milesof 

 wharfage and quayage. Savannah has rice-mills, 

 foundries, pianino-mills, flour, cotton, and pa|>er- 

 mills, cotton-presses, packing-houses, ice and furni- 

 ture factories, &c. The city was founded in 173,'J, 

 and incorporated in 1789. It was taken by the Brit- 

 ish in 1778, and by General Sherman in TXeceinlx-r 

 1864. Pop. ( 1880) 30,709 ; ( 1890) 43,189 ; ( 1900) 

 54,224. See Harper's Magazine, January 1888. 



Savar.v. ANSE JEAN MARIE RENE, Due de 

 Rovigo, a French general and diplomatist, was 

 born at Marcq, in Ardennes, 26th April 1774, 

 entered the army as a volunteer in 1790, and 

 served with distinction under Custine, Pichegrn, 

 and Moreau on the Rhine, under Desaix in Egypt, 

 and in the battle of Marengo (1800). Napoleon, 

 whose notice he had attracted, made him com- 

 mander of his bodyguard, and employed him in 

 diplomatic affairs, for which he showed an admir- 

 able capacity. In 1804, as commandant of the 

 troops stationed at Vincennes, he presided at the 

 execution of the Due d'Enghien, an event which 

 he is believed to have unduly hastened ; and in the 

 wars of 1808-8 he acquired high military reputa- 

 tion at Jena, in the capture of Hameln, and by 

 his victory at Ostrolenka (February 16, 1807), a 

 brilliant achievement. Created Duke of Rovigo 

 in the beginning of the following year, he was sent 

 to Spain by the emperor, and negotiated the per- 

 fidious arrangement by which the Spanish king 

 and his son were kidnapped. In 1810 he superseded 

 Fonche as minister of Police. After the fall of 

 Napoleon, to whom he had always been passionately 

 devoted, and whom he served with a fidelity that 

 stopped not at unscrupulous acte, he wished to 

 accompany him in Si Helena; but he was confined 



by the British government at Malta for some 

 months, and at last made his escape to Smyrna. 

 After experiencing several vicissitudes he returned 

 to Paris in 1819, and was reinstated in his titles 

 and honours. In 1831 he was appointed com- 

 mander-in-chief of the army in Algeria ; but 

 ill-health forced him to withdraw to France in 

 March 1833, and on the 2d of June following 

 he died at Paris. Savary's Memoires (Paris, 8 

 vols. 1828) are among the most curious and in- 

 structive documents relating to the first empire. 



Save, a river in the south of Austria, and an 

 important affluent of the Danube, rises in the 

 north-west of Carniola, and flows south-east, pass- 

 ing Laibach, and forming in part the boundary 

 between Carniola and Styria ; then it traverses 

 Croatia, and going eastwards separates Bosnia and 

 Servia on the south from Slavonia on the north, 

 and after a course of 556 miles effects its junction 

 with the Danube at Belgrade. It is navigable up 

 to Si>sek in Croatia, 366 miles from Belgrade. 



Savcrnakc, a beautiful woodland region in 

 Wiltshire, to the south of the town of Marl borough. 

 Its 40,000 acres of farm and forest and hill, yielding 

 only 12,000 net per annum, were sold in" 1891 to 

 Lord Iveagh lor 750,000 by the Marquis of Ailes- 

 bury ; but the sale, after prolonged litigation, was 

 cancelled by the courts in 1893. 



Savigliano. a town of North Italy, by rail 

 32 miles S. of Turin. It is .surrounded by old 

 fortification, and has a triumphal arch to Victor 

 Amadfiis I. of Savoy. Pop. 9932. 



Savijmy, FRIEDRICH KARL VON, writer on 

 jurisprudence, was born, of an old Alsatian family, 

 on 21st February 1779 at Frankfort-on-the-Main, 

 and studied law at Marburg and other German 

 universities. In 1800 he began to teach as a 

 /irirnt-i/iirent at Marburg; three years later he 

 \va.- made professor of Jurisprudence there and 

 published a treatise on the Roman law of pro- 

 pfi-ty, Das Kecht des B&ritzes I Eng. trans. 1849), 

 thai quickly won him European fame. In 1808 

 he was called to the chair of Jurisprudence at 

 Landslnit, but in 1810 removed to the correspond- 

 ing chair at Berlin. This he held, along with 

 several state offiees, such as member of the com- 

 mission for revising the code of Prussia, member of 

 the Supreme Court of the Rhine Provinces, &c., 

 until 1842. In that year he devoted his energies 

 entirely to the task of reforming the laws. He 

 resigned office in 1848, and died in Berlin on 25th 

 October 1861. His greatest books were Geschtc/ite 

 tlr-i riitiiisi-ln H J,'n-/it.i mi Mittrtalter (6 vols. 1815- 

 31) and System des heiitigen romischen Bechts (8 

 vols. 1840-49), and the continuation of this last, 

 entitled Das Obligationenrecht (2 vols. 1851-53). 

 Savigny in those works applied the principles of 

 the historical school to the study of the historical 

 aspects of Roman law with brilliant success. From 

 1815 onwards he edited in conjunction with Eich- 

 horn and others the Zrilxrkrift fur gexcliichtliche 

 Rechtswisnenscliaft, His writings appeared as Ver- 

 nii.wlilr Si-ltriften (5 vols. 1850). There are bio- 



O hies by Arndt( 1861 ), Rudorff (1862),Bethmann- 

 weg ( 1867), Enneccerus ( 1879), and others. 



Savile. See HALIFAX ( MARQUIS OF ). 



Savile, SIR HENRY, a learned scholar, was born 

 in Yorkshire, 30th November 1549, entered Brase- 

 nose College, Oxford, but migrated in 1561 to 

 Merton College, where he was elected to a fellow- 

 ship. He travelled on the Continent (1578), after 

 his return was Queen Elizabeth's tutor in Greek 

 and mathematics, became Warden of Merton College 

 in 1585, Provost of Eton in 1596, was knighted 

 in 1604, and died February 19, 1622. Three years 

 before he had founded chairs of Geometry and 

 Astronomy at Oxford which still bear his name. 



