SAVORY 



SAVOY 



14W led to riou. In the same year, when the 

 ew elections took place, the party opposed to 

 Savonarola, the Arrabbiati, came into power. He 

 was ordered to desist from preaching; and the 

 trnggle was brought to a crisis bv the counter- 

 denunciations of a preacher of the Franciscan 

 order, long an antagonist of Savonarola, Francesco 

 da Puglia. In the excited state of the impuhir 

 mind thus produced an appeal was made (>y l>oth 

 of the contending parties to the interposition of 

 divine providence by the ordeal of fire ; and one of 

 Savonarola's disciple* agreed to make trial of the 

 dread ordeal along with a Franciscan friar. But 

 at the moment when the trial was to have come off 

 (April U!S) difficulties and debates arose, and 

 nothing was actually done. The result of this was 

 to destroy with the populace the prestige of 

 Savonarola's reputation, and to produce a complete 

 revulsion of public feeling. In the mid*t of this 

 reaction he was cited l>cfore the council, and 

 brought to trial for falselv claiming to have seen 

 visions and uttered real juophecie*, for other 

 religious errors, and for political insubordination, 

 'lied the charges ; but, put to the torture, he 

 matte avowals which he afterwards withdrew. 

 The conclusion was a foregone one ; he was 

 declared guilty of heresy and of seditious teaching, 

 and of being an enemy to the peace of the church. 

 The acts of the trial were sent to Home, where the 

 sentence was confirmed ; he, with two disciples of 

 his order, was given up to the secular jniwer ; so 

 on May 23, 1498, this extraordinary man and his 

 two companions, brothers Domenico and Silvc-tro, 

 were strangled, and their bodies burned by the 

 executioner. They died profi-**ing their adherence 

 to the Catholic Church, confessed and received 

 absolution, and on the morning of the execution 

 Savonarola administered the last communion to his 

 two companions and himself. There seem* no 

 doubt that Savonarola firmly believed in the 

 dogmas of the Koiimn Catholic Church; and it is 

 only as a moral and religious reformer, and not a 

 theological teacher, that he can in anv way ! 

 regarded as a forerunner of the Reformation of the 

 16th centiiry. 



Hit worlu, mainly sermons, religions eoays, theological 

 " (of which the chief u The Triumph of the 

 <om poems, and a political duouune on the 

 ent of Florence, were mainly written in Latin. 



I edition in 6 vols, appeared at Lyons In 1033-40 ; and 

 OM by Baccini of his Sermons at Florence since 188!). 

 The principal work on him U the Life by Professor 

 VilUn (1863, Kng. trans, by Homer; 2d ed., much 

 altered, 18H7 ; Bug. trant. by Linda Villari, 1H8H). There 

 an also English worlu by k Madden ( 1854) and W. K. 

 Clark ( 1878): see also Mm Oliphant's UaJtert of Warmer, 

 and Ueorge Eliot's Somoia. 



Karory (Sattirrja), a genus of plants of Un- 

 natural order Lahiatir, nearly allied to Thyme 

 (Thy inns). The sjiecies are herbaceous and half- 

 shrubby plants, all natives of the south of Km ope. 

 and the East. The Common Savory, or Summer 

 Savory (.V. Imrteiuu), is commonly cultivated in 

 kit'-hen gardens for flavouring dishes. It is an 

 annual plant, } to 1 foot high, with lilac or white 

 flower*, has a Mining and agreeable aromatic smell, 

 and an aromatic pungent tast<>, and is in common 

 use both fresh and dried for flavouring dishes, and 

 specially for ll.ivouring lieans. It is stomachic 

 and tonic. Winter Savory (ti. mnntnnn\ is used 

 in exactly the same way. It is a half shrubby 

 plant, with prickly pointed leave* and larger 

 Bower*. Ita Uste is pungently aromatic. Summer 

 avory is propagated by seed ; winter savory by 

 lips and cuttings. 



HToy, formerly a province of the kingdom of 

 Sardinia, was transferred to France in I860, and 

 divided into the two departments of Savoie and 



Hante-Savoie. It is an alpine region, having the 

 Uraian Alps on the eastern frontier, as the 

 boundary next Piedmont. On that hide it inns up 

 to 15,782 feet in Mont Blanc, and to 11,792 in 

 Mont Ccni* : thence it falls away gradually to the 

 Khone ( 9.X) feet ), which separates il on the west 

 from the French department of A in. The northern 

 boundary passes through the I.ake of Geneva ; and 

 cm the south-west lies the French department of 

 Isere. The area U 3889 sq. m. (2223 in Savoie and 

 Unit! in Haute-Savoie): the total population (1881) 

 640,525; (1891) 531,564, of whom 263,297 were in 

 Savoie and 268,267 in Haute-Savoie. The rivers 

 are mostly mountain-torrents, as the lucre, Drance, 

 Arve, and Fier, all tributaries of the Klione, though 

 the Drance falls into the Lake of Geneva. A I. 

 ]art of the surface ic covered with forest* (29 per 

 cent.) of pine, fir, larch, lieech, oak, elm, ash, 

 hazel, walnut, and chestnut, and with pastures ( 14 

 |NT cent.), on which many cattle, sheep, and goats 

 are kept. The vine is extensively grown, some 

 7i million gallons of wine ln-ing produced iinnually. 

 Only 23 per cent of the surface is cultivated. 

 Potatoes, oate, rye, and wheat, with hemp, l>eet- 

 root, toliacco, colza-seed, and mai/e, are the prin- 

 cipal crops ; much honey is made ; butter and 

 cheese are exported in* large quantities; silk- 

 worms are bred; and chestnuts form an article of 

 commerce. Building-stone of various kinds, iron 

 ore, and anthracite are the most valuable of the 

 mineral product*. Mineral baths are found at 

 Aix lea-Bains, Kvian, Challes. and other places. 

 Then- is considerable manufacturing industry, 

 especially in the making of cottons, silk stuffs, 

 gauze, woollens, iron, clocks, leather, paper, Hour, 

 Vc. The peasant women make rough woollen 

 st nil's for home wear. The people are jMior, thrifty, 

 and industrious ; large iiiimliers leave home every 

 year to fill the lower grades of domestic service in 

 Paris and other large towns ; but nearly all return 

 home when they have made a little money. The 

 dent, of Savoie has the four arrondisseinenta of 

 Albertville, Cliambery, Moutier*. St Jean de- 

 Maurienne; capital, Chamliery. Haute Savoie has 

 the four arrondisscnient.* of Annpcy, Bonneville, 

 St-Julien, Thonon; capital, Annecy. 



HOISK OF SAVOY. The territory of Savoy 

 formed a part of ancient Gaul. After the decline 

 of the Roman empire it was occupied by the 

 lliirgundians (437), and from them passed to the 

 Franks in rlie next century. Siilisequently it 

 formed part of the Biirgmulian kingdom of Aries, 

 ami towards the middle of the llth century 

 Wiiiie a fief of the empire. The counts of 

 Mauricnne, tin- ancestors of the Savoy counts and 

 dukes, are sometimes stated to have been descended 

 from \\ittckind, last king of the Saxons; it is 

 more probable that they had a local or Provencal 

 origin. The emperor. Conrad II., invested Huin- 

 l-ert I. (d. 1048), Count of Maurieime, with the 

 counties of Chablais and Lower Valais. For some 

 centuries the chief features in the history of the 

 house are the successive additions of territory that 

 were made to this early nucleus, until, iii the 

 licgiiming of the 15th century, the dominion of the 

 Savoy rulers extended from Lake (iene\n south- 

 wards to the (ulf of Genoa, aijd from the river 

 Saone south eastward* to Lugo Maggiole, and 

 Hi and Alessandria in Piedmont. Otto 

 (I04H 60) acquired by marriage the marquisnte of 

 Susa and the counties of Val d'Aosta and Turin. 

 The province of Bugcy and the lordship of Taran- 

 taise were added by 'the next two counts. Ama- 

 deus III. (1103-49) called himself margrave of 

 Turin and Count of Savoy, being the first to use 

 the latter title. Amadeus IV. ( 1233-53 ), following 

 the traditions of the family, gave his support, to 

 the emperor, Frederick II., against the ppc, and 



