1SS 



SCAH 



8CAGLIOLA 



1890. Professor Save* joined the Old Testament 

 Revision Company in 1874, wa* elected a member 

 of numerous borne and foreign learned societies, 

 and received the ilegree of LL.D. from Dublin in 

 1881, and D.I), from Edinburgh in 1889. 



n( hi BUD; bookn the muct important are Tke 

 frineifTlt of CvmfamKn Phtlaloyg ( 1K74 ), Introduction 

 t tkt JfeiMor of Lamp*** (2 vols. 1880). Tkt Ancient 

 Mmfiret of On KaH ( 1884), Origin and OrotHk of !{!> 

 ffion <u flnttnted fc Uu Ancirnl Bobtfmiaiu (1887); 

 and admirable hart popular works tin FrrtH Liitkt 

 from Ike Ancient Monument*. Autirui, the Hilitlrt. and 

 the w of U* OU Ttmamnt ( I.VH i. n, Hy-pth of 

 Bible Knowledfe.' Beside* hit Amfrian Grammar 



species of Caranx are very nuinerong, and it ia 

 sometimes divided into several genera ; but the 

 wad in the only 8|>ecie8 found on the British coasts. 

 It is ciiiiiiiinii on the south-western coasts of Eng- 

 land, but coni|tarativelv rare t<> the north. It 

 sometimes appears in immense shoals, pursuing 

 the fry of herring or similar prey, and the multi- 

 tudes have sometimes been no great and so 



(1873) and Lecturct on Ike Amyrian SfHabarf (1875), 

 be ha* contributed many books and paper* on the 

 abject to the learned journal., and he edited George 

 Smith's Hulorg of Babylonia (1877) and Maldaan 

 (Jenttit ( 18HU). Further works were an edition of Hero- 

 dotu. I. III. (188S), an Introduction to Ktra, fiekcmiak 

 >, Seeont* of tnc fa*t (3d series, 1888 93), Tke 

 Timei ofltaiak( 1889 ), Efffpt of Ike Hebrew! ( 1896 ), Ac. 



Mrab, in Sheep, like itch in man, or mange in 

 bones or dogs, depend- II|HIII the irritation of three 

 varieties of minute acari, some of which burrow in 

 the skin, eHpecially if dirty and scurfy, causing 

 much itching, roughness, and baldness. The para- 

 site readily adheres to hurdles, trees, or oilier 

 objects against which the affected sheep happen to 

 rau tliemse|\es. and hence is apt to be transferred 

 to the skin- of sound sheep. Chief amongst the 

 approved remedies are diluted mercurial ointments. 

 tobacco-water, tur|>viitine and oil, and arsenical 

 solutions, such as are used for sheep-dipping. One 

 of the best and simplest applications consists of a 

 pound each of common salt and coarse tobacco, 

 boiled for half an hour, in aliout a gallon of water ; 

 to this are adilc<! two ilrachms of corrosive sub- 

 limate; and the mixture diluted until it measures 

 three gallons. For each sheep a pint of this mixture 

 should be carefully applied, from a narrow-necked 

 bottle, along the lack, and to any other scurfy 

 itchy part*. A second dressing, after an interval 

 of a week, will generally effect a perfect cure. 



Scabies. See ITCH. 



SrjibioOM (Seubiota), an extensive genus of 

 herbaceous plants, exclusively natives of the eastern 

 hemisphere, of the natural order Dipsacee (see 

 TEASEL). The flowers are collected in terminal 

 head*, surrounded by a many-leaved involucre, so 

 a- l<> resemble those of the order CompusiUe. The 

 Devil's bit Scabious (S. tuccita) u a verv common 

 'iiitiimnaj flower in British pastures. The plant 

 potMsM* great astringency, but no important medi- 

 cinal virtues, although it was formerly supposed to 

 be of great efficacy in all scaly eruptions, :l ,,,| 

 hence the name scabious, from Lat. tcafria, 

 wall,' -itch.' The end of the root appears as if 

 abruptly bitten off, and the superstition of the 

 mid. Me ages regarded it as bitten off by the devil, 

 out of envy, because of it* usefulness to mankind. 

 The Sweet Scabious (X. nlmpurpurfa) is a well- 

 known fragrant garden-flower. It is supposed to 

 be a native of India. 



(Cartuue trafJmrtu, or Trnrhartu track- 



,,'i'. fi " h ,, of Ul ? flunil >' Carangid" 1 . sometimes 

 called the Hone Maekenl, because of its resem- 

 blance to the mackere., and iu comparative coarse- 

 Ms*. It is from 12 to 16 inches long, of a dusky 

 olie colour, changing to a resplendent green, 

 waved with a bluish gloss, the head and lower 

 paru silvery, the throat black. It has two dorsal 

 fins, the first short, Uie second long, and one long 

 ventral fin opposite the second dorsal. There are 

 two small free spines in front of the anal fin. The 

 small, but those of the 

 and strongly kii-hil, 

 ninating in a curved spine. The 



two small tree spine* in front 

 ordinary scales arc very ma 

 lateral line are large, spiny, 

 the keel term in* ting in a 



Scad ( Caranx trarJumu). 



crowded together that they could be lifted out of 

 j the sea by bucket*, and overloaded nete have Wn 

 torn to pieces. The ccad has something of the 

 mackerel flavour. Although not much cared for 

 when fresh, it is often salted, and in that state 

 is esteemed as an article of food in Cornwall und 

 the Scilly Isles. This species has a very wi.le 

 range : it is rare on the west coast of Norway, but 

 almunds along the coasts of France and Portugal 

 and in the Mediterranean. It is found along all 

 the Atlantic coast of Africa to the Cape of Good 

 Hope, and is also abundant in Australia and New 

 Zealand, and on the west coast of South America. 



Soa-'vola. CAIUS Mucius, a patriotic Roman 

 who, ilurinj; the siege by I'orsena. tried to stab the 

 Ktmriiin prince, but l>y mistake killed his secretary. 

 I'orxena ordered his would-be assassin to IM> burned 

 alive; but when the Konmu showed his contempt 

 for puiii by tin-listing his right hand into a blazing 

 fire and holding it there without tliin-hing. 1'orsena 

 ordered him to go free. Ity return courtesy Mucius 

 told I'orsena he was but the first of a hand of 300 

 who had sworn to slay their country's enemy ; and 

 Poreena, startled by the prospect of having' to face 

 in succession a lind of such reckless men, was, 

 according to the legend, moved to make peace and 

 depart. Mucius received the name of Scievola 

 ( ' left -handed ') in reference to his loss of the right, 

 and proudly handed this cognomen down to his 

 posterity. 



SrnlVll. a double-peaked mountain in Cumber- 

 land, on the Westmorland border, 14 !, miles SSW. 

 of Keswick. The loftiest summit in Kngland, it 

 is a chief feature in the scenery of the I.ake Dis- 

 trict (q.v.), in the heart and centre of which it 

 stands. Of ite two jwaks, the higher, Scafell 1'ike, 

 attains 3210 feet, the other 3161. 



Sraifliola, a composition made to imitate the 

 mine cosily kinds of marble and other ornamental 

 slones; and so successfully that it in often 

 diflicult. to distinguish MwMa the ;uiilicial 

 and the real stone. It consists of finely -ground 

 plaster of Paris mixed with a thin solution of fine 

 glue, and coloured with any of the earthy colours, 

 such as ochres, umber, Sienna earth, Armenian 

 Inile, and sometimes chemical colours, such as the 

 chrome yellows, &c. This is spread over the sur- 

 face intended to represent marble ; and whilst still 

 soft pieces of fibrous gvpxum, marble, alabaster, 

 anil other soft but ornamental stones are pressed 

 into it, and made level with the surface. \Vheu the 

 coni|Mmition is set hard it is rubl>ed down, and 

 |Htlished with the ordinary stone- polishing materials, 

 which give it a very fine gloss. This kind of work 

 is only adapted for interiors, because scagliola will 

 not bear exposure to damp for any length of time ; 



