SCAHLATTI 



SCARKON 



nature of the organism has not yet been conclu- 

 sively demonstrated. It U very contagious ; a, 

 however, the conUginm U given off chielly in the 

 desquamated cuticle it U generally potwiMo, if the 

 patient can be isolated an soon as the disease b 

 reeognUed, to prevent or greatly to limit it* exten- 

 sion to others. On the other hand, the contagium 

 retain* it.- vitality with great persistence, and can 

 be conveyed by letter-, clothes, <.Vc. Canes are on 

 record where it ban lain dormant in .-lollies for at 

 leant a year. Milk in a frequent vehicle for the 

 j|fnn ; and it seems certain that in some epi- 

 demics it him acquired it* infectious properties not 

 from scarlet fever in man, but from a form of 

 disease affecting iniK-li cows. 



Trtatmtnl. No specific io known which can cut 

 short the disease ; the feverUh state must be treated 

 mi general principles, by rest in bed, diluent-. ,w. : 

 and in simple cases little more U necessary- Se> '" 

 local symptoms or complications must be met a- 

 they arise; bail sore throat by application of 

 Condy's fluid, lioracic acid, or some other anti- 

 septic with a brush or as a garble, l>v chlorate of 

 potash lozenges, by poultice!* applied externally, 

 &C. A severe cane of scarlatina angiiiosa will test 

 to the utmost the patience and resource of both 

 nurse and doctor ; while scarlatina nmligna usually 

 defies all their efforts. In ordinary cases it is of 

 the greatest importance to guard against chills. 

 The patient should ! confined to bed for at lea.-! 

 a fortnight, and to his room till desquamation i- 

 completed. The application of carbolic oil, one to 

 thirty, all over the Ul\, is valuable for neutral- 

 ising the poison in the skin, and preventing its 

 diffusion ; it is moreover generally soothing to the 

 patient. Tonics, especially quinine and iron, are 

 useful during convalescence. Strict isolation dur- 

 ing the progress of the case, and careful disinfec- 

 tion afterwards, are of course essential. 



In the early stage, before the appearance of the 

 rash, scarlatina may lie readily mistaken for several 

 other febrile diseases ; after the a|>j>earam-c of the 

 rash the only disease with which it is likely to be 

 confounded is measles, and we must refer to the 

 arti.-lc on that disease for a notice of the distinctive 

 characters of the two affections. There is no com- 

 plaint in which the final result is more uncertain 

 than this, and the physician should give a very 

 guarded opinion as to how any special case may 

 terminate. 



The popular delusion that irarlatina is a mild 

 and diminutive form of si-nrlel feeer should always 

 be corrected, as the error, if uncorrected, may do 

 much harm )>v leading to a disregard of those pre- 

 cautions which are always necessary in this disease. 



Scarlatti. AI.ESSANDRO, composer and teacher 

 of music, was horn at Trapani in Sicily in 1059, 

 and is Muted to have btudicd music under ( ',-u U-imi 

 at Home. Then' too, at the court ol <,>uecii Chris- 

 tina of Sweden, he produced in 1080 his first opcia ; 

 be remained in her service, probably, until 1688. 

 After acting as musical director at the court of 

 Naples from 1694 to 1703, he returned to Home to 

 take up the duties of musical director to the 

 church of Santa Maria Maggiore ; but two years 

 later be went back to Naples. There he con- 

 ducted, one after the other, the three musical con- 

 ervatoria, and became the founder of the Neapoli- 

 Ua Mbool of musical composition. Ho did! at 

 Maple* on 24th (tetolwr 1725. A man of untiring 

 energy. Scarlatti worked an composer, teacher, 

 director, ami player, and wrote a vast number of 

 works, including nearly \'M o|icrai, 300 masses, 

 10 oratorios, 000 cantata*, and innumerable motets, 

 madrigals, and similar pieces. Hut, although he 

 was so prolific, he was not a carelras composer ; on 

 UM contrary, he was a master of counterpoint and 

 a fertile inventor of melodies (see OPKKA, Vol. 



VII. p. 608). The most celebrated amongst his 



- wcie his son, Durante, and Hasse. This 



I>"\iKvin> ( I' early distinguished 



himself as a composer of church music, and ln.<l 



-sivcly in Koine, London, Lisbon, Naples, and 



Madrid, In the history of music- he figures as a 



clever writer of sonatas for the pianoforte, and as 



| the author of various technical improvements in 



the writing and playing of pianoforte music. 



Scarlet Fever. See SCARLATINA. 

 Srnrlel Kunner. See HEAN. 

 Scarlett, Ou>. See I'ETKRBOKOIC.M. 



Scarlett. SIR JAMES, BARON AIIINCKR, an 

 English barrister and judge, was born in Jamaica 

 in 1709, but sent to Kngland to be educated. After 

 graduating at Cambridge, from Trinity College-, in 

 1790, be chose to follow law, and entered at the 

 Inner Temple. His (inc.- personal ap|K>aian< c, 

 backed up uy an excellent knowledge ol his pro- 

 fession, anil by a quiet nna.-suniiiig manner. MMHI 

 secured him a large practice, especially as lii- 

 plcadings began to have an extraordinary weight 

 with the juries. He took silk in ISlti, and from 

 that time held the front rank on the northern 

 circuit and in the law-courts at Westminster. 

 In 1818-31 he sat in parliament as member for 

 Peterborough'. Canning in 1827 appointed Scarlett 

 Attorney-general, when he was also knighted. Ho 

 held that office, except for fifteen months, till 

 November 1830. In 1834 Sir James was raised to 

 the bench as Lord Chief Karon of the ( 'oiirt of F.x- 

 che.|iier. and took his seat in the House of Lords 

 as Baron Abinger. He died 7th April 1844. SIR 

 JAMES YORKE SCARLETT, General, G.C.H., second 

 son of the above, was born in 1799, educated at Eton 

 and Cambridge, entered the army, and was colonel 

 of the 5th Dragoon Guards ( 1840 53). He was sent 

 to the Crimea in command of the heavy cavalry, 

 which he led in their famous charge of loth October 

 1854. Heafterwards commanded all the cavalry in 

 the Crimea, and ( 1865-70) the Aldershot camp. He 

 died in December 1871. 



Scarpa, ANTONIO, anatomist (1747-1832), 

 studied atPadua, and from 1783 to 1812 was pro- 

 fe or at 1'axia. He gained distinction by treatise* 

 on the anatomy of the nose, ear, ami heart. 



ScarpailfO (anc. Carpatho), a long narrow- 

 island in the Mediterranean, belonging to 'furl-, y. 

 midway between Rhodes and Crete. It is 85 sq. 

 m. in area, bare and mountainous ; pop. 5000. 



Srarroil. I'M 1.. the- creator of French Imr- 

 lcsi|iie, was liorn at Paris in 1610, son of a coun- 

 sellor of Parlement, of good family and fortune. 

 His mother having died early, his lather married 

 again, and not happily for the children. The step- 

 iMoihef- dislike Of Paul's epigrams forced him at 

 fifteen to leave the house, but at seventeen he 

 returned to Paris, became an abbt, and gave him- 

 self up to a life of pleasure. About 1634 he paid a 

 long visit to Italy, and soon after his return began 

 to sutler from that terrible malady which tacked 

 him with tortures, and ultimately left him com- 

 pletely paralysed in his limlw. A mythical story 

 used to be told how that he had first caught his 

 disease, hiding in a swamp from the populace of 

 Mans scandalised at an aoM appealing tailed and 

 feathered at the carnival ; but., a- he had been 

 sei/ed \\ith his disease half-a-dozen years before 

 he obtained a prebend in Mans (1643), it is much 

 more likely he owed it to the excessive debaucheries 

 of his youth. After trying one physician after 

 another, and spending about three years of decorous 

 comfort at Manx, he gave up all hope of remedy, 

 and returned to Paris to depend upon letters for a 

 living. From this time he Iwgan to pour forth 

 endless complimentary epistles in verse, sonnets* 



