SCHLANGENBAD 



SCHLEICHER 



A fourth brother, EDUARD, born on 23d March 

 1831, took part in the Spanish invasion of Morocco 

 of 1859-60 and wrote an account of it. He was 

 killed in the battle of Kissingen, fighting in the 

 Bavarian army, on 10th July 1866. EMIL, the 

 fifth brother, born 7th July 1835, chose law for his 

 calling, and the study of Tibetan and Indian lan- 

 guages for his amusement during leisure hours. 

 Re has written Buddhism in Tibet (Lond. 1860), 

 Die Konige von Tibet (Munich, 1865), Die Gottes- 

 urteile der Inder ( 1866), and other Ixxiks. 



Sclllangenbad, one of the l-t kimwn spas 

 of Germany, in the Rheingau district, stands in a 

 Iwautiful wooded valley of the Taunus Mountains, 

 5 miles W. of Wiesbaden. The water of the baths 

 (82-90 F.) is of the character called 'indifferent,' 

 is used for the most part externally, in baths, and 

 is helpful in nervous diseases, for women's com- 

 plaints, and for purifying the skin. Pop. 403. 

 Visitors in the season, 2000. The place gets its 

 name from a species of harmless snake (Coluber 

 Jtavescens ) which is found there. 



Mchlegel, AUGUST WILHELM VON, German 

 critic, poet, and translator, was lx>m at Hanover 

 on 8th September 1767, and began to study 

 theology at < iottingi-n, but, like his younger brother 

 Friedrich (see below), soon turned to literature, 

 writing poems for two magazines edited by the 

 poet Burger, and later for Schiller's Horen, and 

 contributing to the Gottinger Gelehrte Anzeigen 

 and other periodicals. In 1795 he settled in Jena, 

 and in 1796 married a widow lady, Caroline Bohmer 

 (1763-1809), the clever, restless daughter of I'm 

 lessor Michaelis, who separated from him in 1803, 

 and at once married Schelling. In 1798 Schlegel 

 was appointed professor of Literature and Fine 

 Art in that university ; and the years 1801-4 he 

 spent in Berlin, lecturing on the subjects he had 

 taught at Jena. The greater part of the following 

 fourteen years he lived in the house of Madame de 

 Stael at Coppet on the Lake of Geneva ; the chief 

 incidents that mark this period of his life were the 

 delivery of Lecture* on Dramatic Art and Litera- 

 ture (Eng. trans. 1815) at Vienna in 1808, and his 

 officiating as secretary to the Crown-prince of 

 Sweden during the war of liberation (1813-14). 

 In 1818 he was appointed professor of Literature in 

 the university of Bonn, a post he filled down to his 

 death there on 12th May 1845. He had already, 

 years before going to Bonn, done what has proved 

 to be his best work : gifted with considerable feel- 

 ing for poetic form and much fine taste, he trans- 

 lated into German verse most of the works of 

 Shakespeare, and followed up the success he thereby 

 achieved by publishing admirable translations of 

 Dante, Calderon, Cervantes, Camoens, and other 

 foreign masters of literature. The translation of 

 Shakespeare, afterwards revised and continued by 

 Tieck, is still the classic German version. Alon<,' 

 with his brother Friedrich he enjoyed great in- 

 fluence throughout Germany as one of the most 

 active leaders of the Romantic movement, his 

 critical papers in Das Athenaeum and in the volume 

 jpf ('hnrakteristiken und Kritiken (1801) being 

 Vreatly valued in their day. In Honn he devoted 

 his attention principally to Indian studies, and 

 d editions of the Bhaqavad-Gita and the 

 Jtfimayana. Heine attended his lectures at Bonn, 

 and learned from him many of the secrets of imetic 

 workmanship: for A. W. Schlegel's own poems 

 lifeless and cold as they are, show no little finish 

 as to form. Heine's picture of the vain old dictator 

 etters coming to lecture to his class ia worth 

 quoting: 'He wore kid gloves and was dressed 

 Fter the latest Paris fashion ; he still had about 

 nm the perfume of elegant society and eau de 

 " 'If. Jteiirt ; he was the beau-ideal of elegance 



and politeness, and when he spoke of the English 

 Lord of the Treasury he always began with the 

 words " My friend. " Beside him stood his servant, 

 dressed in the grand livery of the noble house of 

 Schlegel ; his business was to snuff the wax candles 

 in the silver candlesticks that stood, along with a 

 glass of sugared water, on the desk before him, 

 the "genius of the age."' His inordinate self- 

 esteem, and the unwarranted influence he enjoyed, 

 led him to pass severe censure upon the literary 

 work of men like Schiller, Wieland, and Kotzebue, 

 and involved him in unseemly polemics. Apart 

 from this feature, his judgment as a critic in 

 matters of pure literary taste makes his lectures 

 1 worthy of consideration, especially the set 

 already named and another series, Ueber Theorie 

 iind Geschichtc der bildenden Kitnste, delivered at 

 Berlin in 1827. His writings were published in 

 three sepawte collections Siimmtliche Werke (12 

 vols. Leip. 1846-47), (Euvres ecrites en Francois 

 (3 vols. 1846), and Opu&cula qu<e Latine scripta 

 reliquit (1848). 



See the books quoted under FRIEDRICH SCHLEOKL ; the 

 ettere of bis first wife, edited by Waitz under the title 

 Karoluic (3 vols. 1871-82 1; and Mrs Alfred Sidgwick's 

 Caroline Sehleyel and her Friend* ( lss:i | 



Sohlegel, FRIEDRICH vox, German critic and 

 writer, was born at Hanover on 10th March 1772. 

 After receiving a classical education at Gottingen 

 and Leipzig, he took to his pen for a livelihood. 

 ll<' kbdncted the wife of the Jewish merchant Veit 

 (a daughter of Moses Mendelssohn and mother of 

 Veit the religious painter), thus putting into prac- 

 tice views as to free love which he had enounced 

 in a notorious romance, Lucinde. He then joined 

 his brother August \Vilh<>lni at Jena, and along 

 with him wrote and edited the journal Das 

 Atlirnaeum, in which they laid down the character- 

 istic principles or features of Romanticism. His zeal 

 for these principles was so strong that he has ever 

 been accounted the head of the Romantic School 

 (q.v.). With him too Friedrich wrote Charakter- 

 istiken unil Kritiken ( 1801 ), a set of longer critical 

 essays, which gave a real stimulus to good work 

 in German literature and contain some of both 

 brothers' best writing. Friedrich Schlegel at 

 length sought relief for his romantic yearnings, 

 and refuge from the harsh realities of actual life, 

 by becoming a faithful son of the Roman Catholic 

 Church, trorn 1808 down to his death, which 

 occurred during a lecture-tour at Dresden on llth 

 January 1829, he was employed in the public ser- 

 vice of Austria. It was he who penned the pro- 

 clamations of that empire against Napoleon in 1809. 

 The best known of his books, at least in Britain, 

 are lectures on the I'hilti*iiiil,y of History, first 

 delivered at Vienna in 1827 (Eng. trans. 1835), and 

 History of Literature, delivered at Vienna in 1814 

 (Eng. trans. 1859) ; both are clever, but one-sided, 

 the Roman Catholic tendencies of the writer being 

 too strongly pronounced. There are also English 



versions of liis Philosophy of Life (1847) and 

 Lectures on Modern History (1849). The book 

 the Germans esteem most Iiighly of his is Ueber 

 Sprache und Weisheit der Indier ( 1808), which was 

 a pioneer for the study of Sanskrit in Europe. The 

 best edition of his Siimmtliche Werke is Feuchter- 

 lelien's ( 15 vols. Vienna, 1846). 



See hi Britfe an A. W. Schlegel (1889); Haym, Die 

 Komantuche Sehu/e ( Berlin, 1869) ; and G. Brandes, 

 Den Romantitke Stole i Tydskland (Copenhagen, 1873). 



S-IileIcher, AtwusT, philologist, was lx>rn at 

 Meiningen, on 19th February 1821, studied at 

 Leipzig, Tiibingen, and Bonn, and began to lec- 

 ture on comparative philology at the last-named 

 university in 1846. Four years later he was called 

 to the chair of Slavonic Languages at Prague. 



