HI 



SCOTLAND YARD 



SCOTT 



19th century there has been no lack of poets in tlie 

 vernacular among tin- best known l*-ing Kol>ert 

 Tannahill, .l.im.- Hogg, Allan ('iiiiniii^liiiiii, 

 Williiiiii Tennant, William Laidlaw, anil William 

 Miitherwell. Thomas Campbell, Joanna liaillie, 

 Profeaaor WiUon. .m.l Professor Aytonn, as poet*; 

 Georjfe ChalmiM--. Malcolm Laing, John 1'inkerton, 

 I)r M-Crie. Patrick FrasT Tytler, Sir Archibald 

 Alison, ami John GiWn Lockhart. a btdgrapben 

 and hi-tormns; Dugald Stewart. DrThomM Brown, 

 Sir Jaim*- Mackintosh, Sir Williiini Hamilton, and 

 Professor Ferricr. a* philosophers ; and John (i.ili. 

 Professor Wilson, John Gibson Lockliart, Miss 

 Ferrier, and Michael Scott, as novelists, represent 

 tin- main contribution of Scotsmen to English 

 literature, living authors lieing left out of account 



8m the introduction* to the different volumes issued 

 by the Scottish Text Society ; Dmvid It-ring. Lira of 

 tie Sfottith Poet* mid Lirtt of Seottah Writer, ; Dr John 

 Box, Seottith Hittory and Literature to the period of the 

 Reformation (1884); T. F. Henderson, Smttiih Ver- 

 nacular Literature (1896); the various histories of 

 English literature ; and in this work the article* on the 

 author* named, an well as those on more recent Scottish 

 write, uch u Mn Oliphant, George Maodonald, Wil- 

 liam Black, Andrew Lang, and R. L. Stevenson. 



Scotland Yard, in Whitehall, la-inn the head- 

 quarters f tin- inetro|Militan police, is believe. 1 to 

 nave received it- name from a palace there in 

 which kin;;- of Scotland ami their ambassadors 

 occa-ioniill\ lodged. New Scotland Yard, the 

 police headquarters -inn- 1890, is on the Thames 

 Embankment. 



Scots Greys. See DRAGOON. 



Scots (Guards is the name of a well-known 

 regiment of Guards (q.v. ) in the British army. 

 But the name has most national interest as that 

 of the Scottish force which served the kings of 

 France. The alliance of the Scots and the French, 

 never, perhaiis, very cordial and spontaneous on 

 either nidi-, la-t-d, nevertheless, for a very long 

 period, and was maintained by common interest 

 and reciprocal hem-lit-, and is still distinctly 

 traceable in the Scottish language, laws, and 

 institutions. This alliance originated and de- 

 veloped in the iicrsistent efforts of the Edwards 

 and their successors to sul>due both France and 

 Scotland to the English crown. In no outward 

 fact, however, does this alliance appear more con- 

 spicuously ami interestingly than in the history 

 of tin- Scot-, Guards or Scottish Archers in France, 

 extending over 400 years, from 1418 till 1830. All 

 Scotland and all Europe is familiar with the vivid 

 (lirture of that theme presented by Walter Scott 

 in Qurntin Durward, in Le Balafrc, in the veteran 

 Lindsay, and in the other living figures of that 

 romance, which is mainly based on fact. 



In the distracted, almost hopeless, state to which 

 ll-nry V. of Kngland reduced France in the time 

 I I'harles VI. the Scotch archer-, who then began 

 to Mock thither in large miinlx-rs by way of La 

 Kochclle, the only port at that time not yet in 

 pomexsion of tin- English, distinguished themselves 

 as tin- stauncln-t element j n ||,,. French forces, as 

 the rallying centre of a new army. From 7000 to 

 10,000 landed in 1419 under the' command of the 

 Earl of Buchan. The great victory of ( 'ha? Ic* VII. 

 at Mange on 22d March 1421, celebrated in the 

 French court by a whole month's rejoicings, was 

 the achievement of Scotch valour. In that en- 

 ngciii'-nl I In- Ihikc of Clarence was unhorsed by 

 Sir John Swinton, and had his death blow dealt 

 him liy tin- Karl of Ilnclian. who was rewarded 

 with tfic highi-M military ottice in France that of 

 Constable \< V.tm-uil in 1424 the Scot* fought 

 to the last with stnlilxirn determination, but the 

 English gained a bloody victor)-. Soon after this 

 the Scottish gentlemen were constituted the king's 



special bodyguard, and Archibald, Earl of Douglas, 

 who hail conn- over fiom Scotland at the imitation 

 of the king, was created Duke of Touraine. Of the 

 fifteen companies of men-at-arms, tin- beginning 

 of a standing army, formed by Charles VII. two 

 were coni|HMed exclusively of Scotsmen ' Lea 

 (iendariues Ecosxais' and ' La comjmgnic Ecossaise 

 de la tiiirile du Corps du Roi. Siitmefl,uently 

 Louis XII. solemnly recognised 'that the institu 

 lion of the Scots Men at arms and the Scots Life 

 guards was an acknowledgment of their services 

 and their great loyalty and virtue.' To the league 

 against his father the Dauphin (afterwards Louit 

 XI. i triitl in vain to gain over the Scot* Guards, 

 and after his own accession to the throne Loui- 

 XI. rewarded their constancy 1>\ increased pay 

 and privileges. And assuredly he had no cause to 

 regret his favour towards them, for on two occasions 

 he had them to thank for his personal safety ; the 

 first time, after the drawn battle of Montlhery, 

 when 'the Scots Guards, considering the danger 

 the king was in, took liis majesty, who had Ix-en 

 in arms all day without eating or drinking, and 

 carried him sa?e to the castle of Montlhery;' the 

 second time, when Louis XI. would have fallen in 

 the furious night sortie of the Licgeois against the 

 In-sieging forces of France and Burgundy but for 

 the valiant defence of the Scots (iuards! In tin- 

 field of Seminara, when the French cavalry were 

 cvlbtiM and the Italian rear-guard had fled, the 

 Scots still stood their ground, refusing to fly or 

 surrender, and preferring to be hewn down, as they 

 were to the numl>er of 4<K). In the wars of Charles 

 VIII., Louis XII., and Francis I. the Scots took a 

 leading part. 



After Scotland became Protestant the alliance 

 with France naturally declined. Yet in the war 

 of Uichelieu with the Spanish monarchy we find, 

 besides the Seote men-at-arms under Lord Gordon, 

 the regiment of the Gardes rossaiseg, Sir John 

 Hepburn's famous regiment, Forties's corps of 

 infantry and cavalry, and Colonel Iiouglas' regi- 

 ment all purely Scottish; and under Loui- XIV. 

 the Scots continued to take precedence of the rest 

 of the army, heading the French in all the great 

 battles of that reign, Minden, fought on 1st August 

 1759, being the last in which they figured. After 

 this time the regiment*, though they retained the 

 Scottish name, were recruited mainly by French 

 youths; and at the Kcvolutioii Scots guards and 

 men-at-arms were, of course, disbanded. liein- 

 stated again in their old privileges, they finally 

 disappeared with the old monarchy in IBM 



See Father William Forben-Leith, S.J., The Scott 

 Men-at-Arnu and Life-guard* in France (2 vols. 1882). 



Scots Money. See POUND, WEIGHTS AND 

 MEASURES. 



Scott, a great Border house whose pedigree has 

 been traced back, somewhat dubiously, to one 

 Uchtred Filius Scoti, or Fit/. Scot, a witness to 

 h;nid l.'s charter to llolyrood Abl-y ( 1 128), and 

 thereafter to liichard Scot of Murthockston in 

 Lanarkshire (1294), the cradle, however, of the 

 race having been Scototoun and Kirknrd in Peebles- 

 shire. Anyhow, we find them possessors of Buc- 

 clench in the lonely glen of the Rankle Burn, 

 Selkirkshire, in 1415, and of Kranxholm, near 

 Ilawick, from 1420-46 onwards. The then Sir 

 Walter Scott fought for James II. at Arkinholm 

 against the Douglases (145.5), and was rewarded 

 with a large share of the forfeited Douglas eetates ; 

 and at subsequent periods his descendants acqiiiied 

 Liddesiliile, Eskdale, Dalkeith, &c., with the titles 

 Lord Scottof Buccleiich ( 1606 ) and Earl of Bnccleuch 

 (1619). Among them were two Sir Walters, one 

 of whom fought at Melrose (1526), Ancrum (1544), 

 and Pinkie (1647), and in 1552 was slain in a street 



