SEA ANEMONE 



SEABURY 



275 



manganese nodules and zeolitic crystals in situ, and 

 the presence of metallic and chondritic spherules 

 of cosmic origin, appear to indicate that the red 

 clay accumulates at a very slow rate. Ked clay 

 covers about 51,500,000 sq. m. 37,230,000 in the 

 Pacific, 5,800,000 in the Atlantic, 4,350,000 in the 

 Southern, and 4,120,000 in the Indian Ocean. 



See the articles in this work on the Arctic, Antarctic, 

 Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans; those on the Ked 

 Sea, Dead Sea, ic. ; alao CHALLENGER EXPEDITION, 

 GULP STREAM, GEOGRAPHY, PHOSPHORESCENCE, POLAR 

 EXPLORATION, SAND, SOUNDING, STORMS, TIDES, WAVE, 

 WIND, WRECKS. 



THE SOVEREIGNTY OF THE SEA. Blackstone 

 lays it down that the main 01 high seas are part of 

 the realm of England, as the Court.- of Admiralty 

 have jurisdiction there. But the law of nations, 

 as now understood, recognises no dominion in any 

 one nation over the high seas, which are the high- 

 way of all nations, and governed l>y the public law 

 of the civilised world. Such a right him, however, 

 long l>een claimed over the four seas surrounding 

 the British Isles. It was strongly asserted by 

 Selden, and denied by Grotius, and measures were 

 taken to vindicate the right in the reign of Charles 

 I. Tire Dutch claimed the supremacy of thr -i'os 

 in Cromwell's time, hut were worsted by Blake 

 (q.v.). Every nation has undoubtedly a right to 

 the exclusive dominion of the sea within a certain 

 ili-tanec from the shore, now fixed at three miles. 

 This right of lordship includes the right to free 

 navigation, to fishing, to taking wrecks, the for- 

 biilding p;issage to enemies, the right of Hag, of 

 jurisdiction, &c. By (,; law of England the main 

 sea logins at low water mark ; and lietween low 

 ami high water mark the common law and admir- 

 alty have a divided jurisdiction, one on land when 

 left dry, the other on the water when it is full 

 sea. T*he right of seal-fishing in the Beliring Sea 

 has l>een the subject of lengthened diplomatic 

 controversy ami arbitration Ix-tween the United 

 States and Great Britain (see SEAL). For inshore 

 li>hi-ry regulations, see FISHERIES. See further 

 INTERNATIONAL LAW, BLOCKADE, ENK.MV, NEC- 

 TKAi.irv, SKASHORE; also RULE OF TIIK KO.UJ. 



Sea Anemone. See ANEMIINE. In like 

 manner fur Sea-bream, Sea-utter, &c., see BREAM, 

 OTTER, &c. 



Sea-bass, * name applied to some perch-like 

 marine fishes e.g. Cynwion ////7/.v, an important 

 food-fish on the western coasts of North America; 

 Pogonius rhramis, abundant off the coasts of Caro- 

 lina, Florida, and the Gulf of Mexico; Centropristm 

 fulviis and atrariui, along the eastern coasts of 

 North America. 



Sea-bat (Plntax), a genus of Teleostean fishes 

 allied to the Pilot-fish, and included among the 

 Carangid:c or horse-mackerels. The name refers 

 to the very long dorsal, anal, and ventral fins. 



Sea-heaelies. See BEACHES. 



Sea-bear. See SEAL. 



Sea-birds, PRESERVATION OR PROTECTION OF. 



See \Vll.Il-HiWI.. 



Sea-blubber. See JELLY-FISH. 



Sra-ltiiektliorn, or SALLOW-THORN (Hip- 

 jiiifitm-' ), a genus of the natural order Ela'agnareie, 

 consisting of large shrubs or trees with gray silky 

 foliage and entire leaves. They have dioaoion* 

 flowers : the perianth is tubular, liecomes succulent, 

 encloses an ocheniiim, and forms an acid fruit. 

 is lint one known s|>ecies, //. rlnnnnoides, 

 sometimes called the Sea- Buckthorn, a large thorny 

 shrub or low tree, a native of pails of the sandy 

 geacoasts of England and the continent of Europe, 

 which is found also throughout great part of Tar- 

 tar^ . It is sometimes planted to form hedges near 



the sea, growing luxuriantly where few shrubs will 

 succeed. The berries are orange-coloured, and are 



Sea-Buckthorn ( flippophaS rhamnoidet): 



a, branch of the female plant, in fruit ; b, branch of male plant) 



in Mower. 



gratefully acid. They are used for making fish- 

 sauce, jellies, and condiments in some places. 



Seabury, SAMTKL, the first Bishop of Con- 

 ncct ic-ut, was liorn in that state, at Groton, 30th 

 November 1729, graduated at Yale in 1748, studied 

 medicine for a year at Edinburgh, and received 

 deacon's and priest's orders in England in 1753. 

 For some time he was a missionary of the S. P. G. ; 

 in 1757 he was promoted to the ' living ' of Jamaica, 

 Long Island, and ten years later to that of West- 

 chester, New York. The Whigs, however, pre- 

 vented his ministering, and once imprisoned him 

 for six weeks at New Haven. He then removed 

 to New York, where he made his medical know- 

 ledge contribute to his support, acted as chaplain 

 of the King's American Regiment, and wrote a 

 series of pamphlets which earned for him the special 

 hostility of the patriots. In 1777 Oxford made 

 him D.'D. On 25th March 1783 the clergy of Con- 

 necticut met at Wood bury and elected Seabnry 

 bishop ; and for sixteen months he waited vainly 

 in London for consecration, the archbishops, though 

 pcison.'tlly favourable, being timid and indisposed 

 in move without the sanction of the civil authority. 

 On 14th Novemlier 1784 he was consecrated in thu 

 upper room of a house at Aberdeen by Bishops 

 Roliert Kilgour, Arthur Petrie, and John Skinner, 

 of the Scottish Episcopal Church, whose connection 

 with the state had l>een severed nearly a century 

 liefore. Bishop Seabury's jurisdiction embraced, 

 (by consent) Rhode Island as well as Connecticut, 

 and he acted also as rector of St James's Church, 

 New London. In 1792 he joined with three bishops 

 of the English succession in consecrating a fifth, 

 Bishop Claggett, through whom every American 

 bishop derives from Seabury and the Scottish 

 Church. Seabnry's further services included the 

 securing to the episcopate of its proper share in 

 the government of the church, and the restoration 

 of the oblation and invocation to the Communion 

 Office (from the Scottish Office). He died 25th 

 February 1796. See his Life and Correspondence, 

 by Dr E. E. Beardsley (Boston, 1881; Lond, 



