198 



SECUNDERlBAD 



SEDITION 



Serunderabad. See HYDERABAD. 

 Nruirile. the name of a tlameless explosive, 



1:1. -in 1 1 1. -tdil yellow | i w.l i-r unileretood to be a com 

 (filiation of ammonium nitrate and one of th 

 benzol derivatives. 



>i <-urlty, in legal language, nieanii a righ 

 conferred on a creditor which makes him 8ecure o 

 certain to recover what U due to him. Security ma' 

 be given by setting aside some part of the de'btor' 

 property to answer the creditor's claim ; for th 

 modes in which tlii.s may be done, see PAWN 

 BROKING and MORTGAGE. ' Securities for money 

 is a very wide term, including the shares, stock)) 

 and debentures of public companies, &c. See 

 Cavanagh's Lain of Money Securities (2d ed. 1885 

 for a compendious account of the English law relat 

 ing to the subject. And see the articles CAUTION- 

 GUARANTY. 



Sedalia. capital of Pettis county, Missouri 

 188 miles by rail W. of St Louis. It has largi 

 railway-shops. Hour-mills, and manufactories o 

 woollens, machinery and agricultural implements 

 wagons, furniture, and soap. Pop. (1890) 14,068. 



Sedan, H town and frontier fortress of France 

 dept. of Ardennes, stands on the Meuse, 64 miles 

 by rail NE. of Kheims. Colbert founded here cloth 

 factories, the fabrics of which have a Europcai 

 reputation ; some 10,000 workmen are employed in 

 this industry iiinl it* branches. Various branches 

 of metal-working are carried on, and there is an 

 active trade in wool. Pop. (1872) 13,807; (1891) 

 M.I J8. I he fortress, or rather the citadel, capitu- 

 lated to the Germans in 1815 ; but Sedan is chiefly 

 noted for the surrender (September 2, 1870) of 

 Napoleon III. and an army of 86,000 men, with all 

 their accoutrements and baggage, to the Germans 

 in the Franco-German war. The fortress was dis- 

 mantled after 1875. Marshals Turenne and Mac- 

 donald were bom here. Previous to its incorpora- 

 tion with France (1642) it was the capital of an 

 inde|>endent principality ( that of the Counts de la 

 Marek and later dukes of Bouillon ) and a Pro- 

 testant stronghold. It* industrial pros|>eiity was 

 largely due to the influx of Huguenots; and at its 

 theological seminary, famous until the revocation 

 of the Edict of Nantes, notable Scotsmen such as 

 Andrew Melville taught. 



Sedan 4'hair, a portable covered vehicle for 

 carrying a HUM IMTSOU, INM-IIC on two poles by 

 two men. The name is derived from the town 

 of Sedan, where this species of conveyance is 

 said to have l>een invented. The Duke of Buck- 

 ingham used one in the reign of James I a 

 proceeding which gave general offence, it being 

 made matter of public remark that this royal 

 miinte used his fellow-countrymen H> do the 

 work of beasts. In September 1634 Sir Sanders 

 Lhineombe got a letter patent, granting him ihe 

 right and privilege for fourteen years to use 

 and let for lure within Ix.mlon and Westminster 

 covered chairs ' to prevent the uimece^aiv -,. ,,f 

 M-hes ; according to Evelyn he got the notion 

 from Naples. Sedan chairs were largely used 

 during the greater part of the 18th century, being 

 found very well adapted for transport ing persons" 

 in full drew, to mihlic and private entertainments. 

 ot only wen- there numerous public conveyances 

 of this kin. i in London and all considerable t, ,,,.. 

 the owner of every large mansion had his 

 private sedan handsomely fitted ,,p. In Edinburgh 

 at thecliweof the Istl, eeiitiir.vse.lan chairs were 

 far more numerous than hackney coaches, and were 

 aim.*! all in the hnn.ls of Highlanders Sedans 

 re |N-rhaim hardly yet . ( uiie extinct, having been 

 in uw in London so late at least a* 1830, at Win 

 cheater as 1851, at Peterborotudl and Edinburgh 

 I860, at Genoa as 1882, at Newcastle as 1885 



and at Bury St Edmunds as 1890. Sedan choirs 

 have also leen employed as ambulances for convey- 

 ing sick persons to hospitals. 



Sedatives are substances or measures which 

 exert a depressing effect on any part of the bo.lv. 

 They are called pulmonary, nervous, gastii'c, 

 cardiac, &c. sedatives according to the special 

 part of the organism on which they exert their 

 effects. They are employed to relieve pain, and 

 to relieve over-activity and hyper-excitability of 

 any organ or system. They embrace a very large 

 number of commonly used medicines. 



Sedberith, a town in the West Riding of York- 

 shire, on the Rawthey, 45 miles by rail N W. of 

 Skipton. It has a Norman church and a gnuniii.-u 

 school (1551) of high repute, where Se.lgwick a~ 

 educated and Hartley Coleridge was a master. 

 Pop. of township, 2374. See the Rev. W. Thump- 

 son, Sedbergh, Garsdale, and Dent ( Leeds, 1892). 



Sede'runt. See ACTS OF SEDERCXT. 



Sedge. See CAREX. 



Sedgefleld, a town of Durham, 9 miles NW. 

 of Stockton, with a cruciform Early English church 

 and a grammar-school. Pop. of township, 2801. 



Scdgeilioor, a marshy district in the middle 

 of Somersetshire, 5 miles SE. of Bridgwater, was 

 the scene of the light between 4000 soldiers of King 

 James II. and 8000 of the undisciplined followers 

 of the Duke of Monmoiith, on 6th July ](iS.">; the 

 latter were defeated, with the loss of a thousand 

 slain on the battlefield and several hundreds more 

 in the KiiWqiient pursuit and in the c\,.,-iitions 

 that followed. The account of the light in Mac- 

 aulay's History should be read, and also the 

 description in Blackmore's Lorna Doone. 



Sedgley, a town of Staffordshire. :i miles S. of 

 \\olverhampton, with coal-pits and ironworks. 

 Pop. (1881) 14,874; (1891) 14,961. 



SedRTwiok, ADAM, for more than fifty years 

 W oodward professor of Geology at Cambridge, was 

 l>orn at Dent in Yorkshire in 1785, graduated from 

 Trinity College, Cambridge, in 1808, and for the 

 riext ten years lectured as a Fellow of his coll, 

 fie was then elected professor of Geology (1818); 

 and in the following year, on the foundation of the 

 Cambridge Philosophical Society, he was chosen 

 one of its secretaries. For many years he took an 

 ictive part in the dboiudqni of the Geological 

 Society of London, of which he was president in 

 the years 1829 to 1831. Most of his writings were 

 couched in the form of papers contributed to the 

 Transactions of these two societies. His lx>st and 

 most successful labour was expended njH>n the 

 iivestigaiion of the paheozoic and crystalline 

 rocks ; and his longest work was a dissertation on 

 M Pal&ozoic, Rocks and Fossils (Lond. 1851- 

 62). Along with Murchison (.j.v.) he made a 

 ysteinatic study of the geology of the Alps, and 

 I the Devonian system in England. Although he 

 lid admirable service in establishing geology on a 

 lioi-ouglily scientific basis. Se.lgwick was in' other 

 egards firmly rooted in distinctively conservative 

 deas: he made a trenchant attack upon The 

 estiqes of Creation in the Edinburgh Review, and 

 )iit himself in strong opj>osition to Darwin's Origin 

 f Species. He was canon of Norwich Cathedral 

 rom 1K34, ami for some years held the office of 

 !. master of his college. His death occurred at 

 'ambridge, on 25th January 1873. In 1H90 appeared 

 vols. of his Life and Letters ; in 18!M it wo* re- 

 ilve.l to build at Cambridge a Sedgwick Memorial 

 ieological Museum. 



Sedimentary Rocks. See GEOLOGY, p. 152. 



Sedition, a general name given to such offences 

 igainst the state as fall short of treason. In the 

 aw of England it is not a strictly technical word. 



