330 



SEQUOYAH 



SERA I MS 



settlers, a handsome tree also of gigantic pro- 

 portionv Though apt to assume a runty appear 

 ance in winter in Itriiain, the effect of wind, the 

 tree is perfectly hardy, and grows with greai 

 rapidity when plants) in good soil and in shclterec 



Fig. 2. 



a, twig of Sajiwta ytgaottn. with con ; 6, Saputia itmpentntu, 

 with nuile McnmBM ; e, cone of Utter. 



places. The timber is light, beautifully grained, 

 and durable, but splits with remarkable facility ; 

 so tluit though very useful to the Californian settlers 

 for fences, iVc. , it is not good for purposes of car- 

 pentry. Both species are prized as ornamental trees, 

 and no collection of choice conifers can l>e regarded 

 as complete without them. See CONIFER*. 

 Kequoyah. See CIIKKUKKES. 

 Neraiclio. an Italian word meaning 'enclosure' 

 (from tent, 'a bolt'), once used in English for 

 any enclosure such as the Jews' Ghetto at Rome, 

 but now restricted to mean a harem or suite of 



' n's apartments, apparently from a confusion 



with tin- similar but totally distinct Persian (and 

 Turkish) word serai, ' a king's court,' 'palace,' 

 also 'a caravanserai.' The Seraglio (atki serai, 

 ' old^ palace '), the ancient residence of the sultan 

 at Con-lantinople, stands in a beautiful situation, 

 when- Staiulmul juts farthest into the Bosporus, 

 and encloses within its walls a variety of mosques, 

 gardens, and large edifices, the chie'f of which is 

 the Harem (q.v. ). It is not now the residence 

 of the sultans ; see CONSTANTINOPLE. 

 Keraievo. See BOSNA-SERAI. 

 Kerning, a town of Belgium, 4 miles by rail 

 S\V. of Liege, sianils on the right bank of the 

 Meme, anil is OMMOtad by a handsome suspension 

 bridge with the village of Jcmeppe. It is the 

 seat of a colossal manufactory of steam-machinery, 

 locomotives, &c., which was established by an 

 Englishman, John CockeriM (<|.v.), in 1H17 in the 

 old summer palace of the bishops of l,ieg e . On his 

 death in 1840 the concern passed into die hands of 

 the John CiH-keiill S.x'iety. It now employs some 

 12,000 workpeople in hundreds of BMUUaMhoM, 

 f U mace yards, forges, Ixiilcr \vork, coal mines, and 

 other blanches. In this establishment were made 

 the first locomotive nse.l on the Continent ( 18S6), 

 the machinery for Is.ring the Mont Cenis tunnel 

 and the great lion on the field of Waterloo. Pon 

 ( 1827 ) 2000 ;( 1881 ) 2*,.W> ; ( IS90) 33,912. 



Srr:iinplir. a town of India, built in the 

 European style, an. I extending a mile along the 

 right bank of the llooghly, 13 miles by rail N. of 

 Calcutta. Paper and mats are manufactured. It 

 was at one tune a Danish settlement, but was 

 transferred by purchase to the llritish in 1845. It 

 U celebrated for the labour* of the Baptist mission- 

 aries (' r.-v. Marshman, and Ward. Top. 35,959. 



Heranu. s.-e CKRAM. 



Serao. M MM, UK. an Italian novelist, was born 

 at Pat, in Greece, on 7th March 1856, the 



daughter of an Italian |x>litical refugee and a 

 k lady. She was brought up tiartly in Greece. 

 I>artly in Italy, and began her literary career in 

 IS.TS, l,y wiiiing tales and sketches lor various 

 journals. Her fame was established in 1881 and 

 1883 by two ambitious romances, which, whilst 

 giving evidence of her study of French models of 

 the realistic school, revealed also her own high 

 talents of olwervation aud description. Her l-t 

 books are those dealing with various phases of 

 Neapolitan life, as Cuorc Infenno ( 1881 ), Fantasia 

 (1883 ; Eng. trans. 1891 ), Le Leggende Ncmoltt 

 l:<"<irdo Joanna (1886), and AlC Eria Sentinel/a 

 (1889, a collection of stories). Her Piccole A / 

 is a charming liook aliout children, written tor 

 grown-up people who love the little ones. She has 

 also written sympathetically of young girls and 

 young women in the collection of stones entitled 

 // Komanzo delta FancMla, and in Telearufi 

 dello Stato and other books. In 1887 she under- 

 took the editorship of the influential and widely- 

 read journal // Corriere di .\ "/-../,. 



Seraphim, celestial lyings on either side of 

 the throne of Jehovah, seen in prophetic vision 

 by Isaiah, and by him alone < vi. _>(!). They 

 have each six wings, two of which coier their 

 faces in awe of the divine glory, and two cover 

 their feet an oriental sign of reverence as the 

 cherubim do their bodies (Ezek. i. 2), while the 

 two remaining outsnread wings suppoit them. 

 They hover above on lioth sides of the throne like 

 two semicircular choirs, worshipping Him that sits 

 on the throne in an uninterrupted antiphoiml song. 

 The tradition of the church, which took its rise 

 from Dionysiiis the Areopagite, represents them as 

 at the head of the nine choirs of angels, the first 

 rank being formed by the seraphim, cherubim, 

 and tlirom. The chembim of Ezekiel are three- 

 fourths in animal form, and the writer of the 

 Apocalypse gives animal forms to three of the four 

 two. ('beasts;' R.V., 'living creatures'), which 

 are six-winged like the seraphim of Isaiah 

 (Rev. iv. 7, 8); the seraphim thus appear, apart 

 from what was human shaped in them, neces 

 sarily to be represented as winged dragons ; for the 

 serpent lifted up by Moses is called N/m/,/, ( Num. 

 xxi. 8), as is the Hying dragon in xiv. '29. The 

 name thus involves the idea of burning, and it is 

 worth noting at least that Driver and Kiehm see 

 in the ctieriib of the original extra- Israelite repre- 

 sentation the personified thunder -cloud, and in the 

 ~rapA the personified serpent-like lightning. 



>i-r:i|liinr. a keyed musical instrument in 

 which the sounds were produced by the action of 

 wind on free vibratory reeds. It was the precursor 

 of the Harmonium (q.v.). 



Seraii'is, or SAKAHS (also found as Osaranit), 

 the Greek name of an Egyptian deity, introduced 

 into Egypt in the time of Ptolemy 1. or Soter, 

 and really a combination of the (oeek Hades and 

 Egyptian Osiris. Hewas not an Egyptian, but the 

 Greek deity, with some Egyptian characters super 

 added ; and his temple was not admitted into the 

 |ncciiicts of Egyptian cities, finding favour only in 

 the Greek cities founded in Egypt. It is said that 

 forty-two temples were erected under the Ptolemies 

 ind Romans to this god in Egypt. His resem- 

 ilance to Osiris consisted in big chthonic or infernal 

 character, as judge of the dead and ruler of Hades. 

 The god had a magnificent temple (the .sVmiwnm) 

 it Alexandria, to which was attached the celebrated 

 Jhrary ; another at Memphis, in the \ icinity of the 

 cemetery of the mummies of the Apis, which was 

 excavated by Mariette in 1850 ; and another temple 

 it Canopus. It appears that he represented or was 

 dentitied with the Hesiri Api, or Osorapis, the 

 Osirilied' or 'dead Apis,' who was also invested 



