S90 



SHENDY 



SHEKBOKNE 



anthracite coal, the output of the neighbouring 

 collieries reaching $2,500,000 in a year. Pup. 

 (chiefly foreign, 1880) 10,147; (1890) 15,944. 



Shendj . a town in Lower Nuliin, on the right 

 bank of tin- Nile, 100 miles NNE. below Khartoum, 

 with IL trade in salt, wool, carpeta, ostrich-feathers, 

 &c., and a pop. of itl>ut . r >OUO (40,000 prior to its 

 destruction by the Egyptians in 1822). 



Shenstonc. \\'i i.i.i AM, son of Thomas Shenstone 

 of the Leasowes, Hales Owen, Worcestershire, was 

 bom there 18th OcU>l>er 1714. In 1732 he was sent 

 to Pembroke College, Oxford, and whilst there 

 devotd himself much to the study of English 

 poetry. In 1737 he published anonymously a .-mall 

 volume of Poemsupon Various Occasions ; in 1741 The 

 Judgment of Hercules ; and n!.\t year The School- 

 mistress, the work by which he is chiefly remem- 

 bered. In 1745 he succeeded his father in the estate 

 of the Leasowes, where he thenceforth busied him- 

 self with landscape-gardening. Such was his 

 success in beautifying his little domain that it 

 attracted visitors from all quarters, and brought 

 him more fame than his poetry, but at the same 

 time involved him in serious pecuniary embarrass- 

 ments. He died llth February 1763. The School- 

 mistress, which has secured for the ' water-gruel 

 bard ' (as Horace Walpole dubbed him ) a permanent 

 if humble place among English poet*, is written 

 in the Spenserian stanza; ami in the contrast 

 between the stateliness of the vehicle and the 

 familiar and homely quality of the subject, with 

 the graphic truth of its treatment, there is a 

 singular source of charm. Shenstone's other works 

 are for the most part quite insignificant ; but hU 

 Pastoral Ballad has touches of exquisite tender- 

 ness and truth of senti- 

 ment expressed in a 

 simple and appropriate 

 melody. 



See Life by Dr Johnson 

 prefixed to the pithy Kttant 

 on Men and Manners (new 

 ed. 1868) and that by 

 George OilfiUnn to an 

 edition of his Poems ( Edin. 

 1854). 

 Sheol. See HELL. 



Shepherd of Her- 

 nias. SeeHKit.MAs. 

 Shepherds. See 



KKIKXDLV SOCIETIES. 



Shepherd's Dog. 



See SHEEP-DOG. 



Shepherd's Purse 



(Ctl/IX'f/" tl/ft* 



formerly Thlaspi), tin 

 annual plant of the 

 natural order Cnicifene. 

 a most abundant weed in 

 gardens and cornfields 

 in Britain, and remark- 

 able as one of the few 

 plants that are found 

 over almost the whole 

 world without the tropics, 

 adapting themselves to 

 almost all soils and 

 climates. It is a very 

 variable plant, from three 

 inches to two feet in 

 bright, with root-leaves 

 more or less pinnatifid, all the leaves more or less 

 toothed, and rough with b.-iirs. The root-leaven 

 spread closely along the ground. The flowers are 

 white and liminutive. The pouch, from which the 

 English name neents to be derived, is laterally com- 

 pressed and somewhat heart-shaped. 



Shepherd's Pnrae 

 (Capsella Sursa-pastoris). 



Sheppard. JACK, born at Stepney in 1702, 

 was the son, grandson, and great-grandson of a 

 carpenter, and himself at t \vehe, ,-,- . U1 ,| 



a half's schooling in Mishopsgaie \\,,i klio'use, was 

 apprenticed to a carpenter in \V\cli sin-ct, Drury 

 Lane. For six years lie did well,' but, falling then 

 into bad company, in July 1720 he committed the 

 first of many robberies. In the course of 1724 he 

 was four times caught, but as often escaiied, on 

 the occasion of his third evasion from Newgate 

 forcing six great doors. The fifth time luck 

 deserted him, and j on 18th November he was 

 hanged at Tyburn in the presence, it was said, of 

 200,000 spectators. Harrison Ainswoitli ha* miule 

 him the hero of a novel (1839). See Celebrated 

 Trials (voL iii. 1825). 



_Sheppe>". ISLE OF, a portion of the county of 

 Kent, insulated from the mainland by the Swale, 

 an arm of the Med way. It is 9 miles long and 4 

 broad. Once it was larger; but the sea is eating 

 away the north shore, which is lined by dill- of 

 London clay 60 to 80 feet high. The church of 

 Minster, formerly in the middle of the island, is 

 now close to the north coast. Almost the whole 

 of the inhabitants are massed in Sheerness (<i.v.). 

 In 1732 Hogarth and four others made ' a live days' 

 (teregrination ' of the island ; see their illustrated 

 account (1781, 1782, 1817, &c.). 



SheptOll Mallet, an ancient market-town of 

 Somersetshire, 15 miles from Bath. It has a market- 

 CTO-.S, dating from 1500, 51 feet high; a church with 

 a splendid timber roof; a grammar-school ( 1627) ; 

 and some manufactures of silk, velvet, crape, and 

 ale. Pop. (1891) 5501. See J. E. Farbrother's 

 Mallet ( 1860). 



Sheraton. THOMAS, designer of furniture, was 

 born at Stockton-on-Tees in 1751. In 1791 he pro- 

 duced '/'/ Cabuut-mattr and Upholsterer's ])m,i 

 ing- Hook, with over one hundred plates (new ed. 

 1793-6-1802; reprinted 1896). He gave his name 

 to a style in which ornament was subordinated to 

 utility, and on severer lines than that of his prede- 

 cessor Chippendale (q.v.). He diet! in 1806. 



Sherbet, a beverage much used in Moham- 

 medan countries, where stimulating drinks are for- 

 bidden. It consist* of the juices of various fruits 

 dilute.! with water, and sweetened. 



Sherborne (A.S., 'clear brook'), a pleasant 

 old-fashioned town of Dorsetshire, in the Vale of 

 Dlackmore, on a gentle southern hill-slope al>ove 

 the Yeo, 17 miles N. by W. of Dorchester and 5 E. 

 of Yeovil. In 705 Ina, King of Wessex, made it 

 the seat of a bishopric, with St Aldhelm for first 

 bishop, whose twenty-fifth successor, Hermann, in 

 107o transferred the see to Sarum. The noble 

 cruciform minster, measuring 207 by 102 feet, with 

 a tower 114 feet high, was the church of a great 

 Benedictine abltey, founded by Bishop Roger in 

 the first half of the 12th century. It \\as eon- 

 verted from Norman to Perpendicular after a great 

 lire in 14.'i<>, and was restored in 1M8-68 at a cost 

 of over 32,000. Noteworthy are the clerestory, 

 vaulting, and choir; and in the retrochoir are the 

 gia\cs of A-ser and two of King Alfred's brothers. 

 King Edward's School, comprising remains of the 

 abbey buildings, wns founded in l.ViO, and re- 

 organised in 1S71, since when it has risen to 1- one 

 of the great public schools of England, with a 

 yearly endowment of 800 and 300 boys. Former 

 pupils have Iwen Vice chancellor Knight-Bruce. the 

 Right Hon. Montague Bernard, I>r J. M. N'eale, 

 and Mr Lewis Morris. Shcrliorne Castle is an 

 Elizabethan mansion, built in 1594 by Kaleigh in 

 the grounds of Bishop Roger's Norman castle (^ 

 1125), which, taken by Fairfax in 1645, is now a 

 ruin. Sherborne has also a literary institute 



