SHRIKE 



SHROPSHIRE 



421 



Edward VI. in 1551, though not actually opened 

 till 1562, and augmented by Queen Elizabeth in 

 1571, this school was recognised as one of the 

 seven great public schools in the Public Schools 

 Act of 1868, and owes its greatness partly to its 

 rich endowment (3100 per annum), but still more 

 to the exertions of two successive headmasters, 

 Dr Samuel Butler (1798-1836), afterwards Bishop 

 of Liclifield, and Dr Kennedy (1836-66). Among 

 its alumni have been Sir 1'hilip Sidney, Fulke 

 Greville, Wycherley, Judge Jeffreys, the Marquis 

 of Halifax, Charles Darwin, Bishop Fraser of Man- 

 i-lii-H-r, Archbishop Thomson, Earl Cranbrook, 

 H. (.'. Raikes, Stanley Weyinan, and such famous 

 scholars as B. H. Kennedy, F. A. Paley, H. A. J. 

 Munro, R. Shilleto, and J. E. B. Mayor. A 

 statue of Darwin, in front of it, was unveiled 

 1897. Glass -painting, malting, iron - founding, 

 and the making of farm implements are in- 

 dustries ; and ' Shrewsbury cakes ' have long been 

 held in esteem. Chartered by Richard I., the 

 borough returned two members from Edward I.'s 

 rei"ii till 1885, when the representation was reduced 

 to one. Pop. ( 1851 ) 19,681 ; ( 1881 ) 26,481 ; ( 1891 ) 

 26,967. The Cymric Pengwerne ('alder hill'), 

 after its capture in 778 from the king of Powys by 

 Otfa of Mercia the place changed its name to 

 Scrobbesbyrir/ ( ' town in the wood ' ), of which the 

 modern name is a corruption. Thenceforward it 

 has figured often in history, having been visited 

 by most of the English kings, and repeatedly be- 

 sieged e.g. by Llewellyn (U15) and the parlia- 

 mentarians ( 1644 ). In the liattle of Shrewsbury, 

 fought at Battlefield, 3 miles NE., on 21st July 

 1403, Henry IV. (q.v.) routed Hotspur and his 

 confederates. For the earls of Shrewsbury, see 

 TAI.BOT, and SIIKFFIELD. 



See works by T. Phillips (1779), H. Owen and J. B. 

 Blakeway (1825), H. Pidgeon (1857), and W. Phillips 

 (1878). 



Shrike (Laniia), a genns of passerine birds 

 having the bill short and compressed, the upper 

 mandible curved ami with a prominent tooth, the 

 base of the bill covered with hairs directed for- 

 wards, wings of moderate length, and very power- 

 ful feet They are found in all parts of the world 

 cxri'pt in South America. They are called Butcher- 

 liinU from the habit, common to many species, of 

 imputing their prey upon thorns. The foot! consists 

 chiefly of insects, but often also of mice, frogs, 

 lizard's, and small birds. The Great Gray Shrike 



bill and legs brownish black. The Lesser Gray 

 Shrike (L. minor) has also been seen in England ; 

 but the commonest British species is the Red- 

 backed Shrike (L. collurio), which breeds in 

 wooded districts in England and Wales, and occa- 

 sionally in the south-east of Scotland. The nest is 

 made of twigs and roots, neatly lined with wool 

 and hair. Only one brood is reared, and the birds 

 usually migrate in August. The males of this, and 

 of some other species, have considerable power of 

 song. In Australia the shrikes are represented by 

 the nearly allied Thickheads ( Pachycephala), which 

 abound in the forests throughout that continent 

 and Oceania. 



Shrimp (Crangon), a genus of crustaceans, of 

 the order Decapoda, allied to lobsters, crayfish, 

 and prawns. The form is elongated, tapering, and 

 arched as if hunch-backed. The beak is very short, 

 affording a ready distinction from prawns. The 

 forceps are comparatively small. The whole struc- 

 ture is very delicate, almost translucent ; and the 

 colours are such that the shrimp may readily escape 

 observation, whether resting on a sandy bottom or 

 swimming through the water. For the change in 

 colour on boiling, see PIGMENTS, Vol. VIII. p. 

 174. The quick darting movements, like short 

 leaps, betray them to any one who looks attentively 

 into a pool left by the retiring tide on a sandy 

 shore. When alarmed they bury themselves in the 

 sand by a peculiar movement of their fanlike tail. 

 The Common Shrimp ( C. vulgaris ) is very abundant 



Great Gray Shrike (Lanius exeubitor). 



( J.. r.n-iiliilitr) visits the British Islands in autumn 

 and winter, hut has not lieen known to breed. It 

 is one of the largest species, its length l>eing 9 to 

 10 inches. The back is of a light gray colour, 

 wing and tail feathers black tipped with white, 



Common Shrimp (Crangon vulgarit). 



on British and other European coasts wherever the 

 shore is sandy. It is about 2 inches long, of a 

 greenish -gray colour, dotted with brown. It is in 

 great esteem as an article of food, and is generally 

 taken by a net in the form of a wide-mouthed bag, 

 stretched by means of a short cross-beam at the 

 end of a pole, and pushed along by the shrimper 

 wading to the knees. Sometimes a net of larger 

 size is dragged along by two boats. The Skeleton- 

 shrimp or Spectre-shrimp is a small crustacean of 

 the family Caprellidie (as Caprella linearis). The 

 Brine-shrimp (q.v.) is the subject of a separate 

 article. The Fresh- water Shrimp is treated at 

 GAM MA BUS. 



Shrine, a case or reliquary for containing the 

 Relics (q.v.) of saints and martyrs. 



Shropshire, or SALOP, a West Midland county 

 of England, on the Welsh border, bounded by the 

 counties of Cheshire, Stafford, Worcester, Here- 

 ford, Radnor, Montgomery, and Denbigh. It 

 measures 50 miles by 41, and has an area of 844,565 

 acres or 1319 sq. m. The Severn, entering from 

 Montgomeryshire, winds 55 miles across the in- 

 terior, dividing Shropshire into two pretty equal 

 portions, and being joined here by the Tern, whilst 

 a lower tributary, the Teme, traces much of the 

 southern boundary. Ellesmere (116 acres) is the 

 largest of several lakes. The northern and eastern 

 portion, to the left of the Severn, is level with the 

 exception of the isolated Wrekin ( 1320 feet), and 

 is occupied by the New Red Sandstone. The south- 

 western portion, belonging to the Old Red and 



